No. 31 (2026): Risks and built environment: From knowledge to project
Research and Experimentation

Reconstruction: The principle of ‘Intolerable Exposure’ in the Ischia Reconstruction Plan

Alessandro Sgobbo
Dipartimento di Architettura, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italia

Published 2026-07-29

Keywords

  • De-densification,
  • Spatial Regeneration,
  • Resilience,
  • Reconstruction,
  • Risks

How to Cite

Sgobbo, A. (2026). Reconstruction: The principle of ‘Intolerable Exposure’ in the Ischia Reconstruction Plan. TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, (31), 303–310. https://doi.org/10.36253/techne-18614

Abstract

Post-disaster planning involves mediating between territorial memory and collective safety. When mitigation or vulnerability reduction are neither effective nor sustainable, selective relocation emerges as a rational strategy, recognizing that many settlements in high-risk zones derive from historically determined but now unacceptable choices. The Ischia Island Reconstruction Plan (PdRI) constitutes an emblematic case. Framed within a multi-hazard context – hydrogeological, seismic, and climatic – yet of exceptional environmental and cultural value, the PdRI, developed with the University of Naples Federico II, advances a resilient planning model. Grounded in the principle of ‘intolerable exposure,’ it shifts the focus from restoration to territorial regeneration, offering broader implications for disaster risk governance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Benevolo, L. (1982), “Il terremoto? Come acceleratore dei processi in atto”, Edilizia Popolare, Vol. 166, pp. 3-5.
  2. Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I. and Wisner, B. (2003), At risk. Natural hazards, people’s vulnerability and disasters, Routledge, London.
  3. Clementi, A. and Di Venosa, M. (2012), Pianificare la ricostruzione. Sette esperienze dall’Abruzzo, Marsilio, Venezia.
  4. Corner, J. (1999), Recovering Landscape: Essays in Contemporary Landscape Architecture, Princeton Architectural Press, New York.
  5. Corner, J. (2006), “Terra Fluxus”, in Waldheim C. (Ed.), The Landscape Urbanism Reader, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, pp. 21-33.
  6. Corsi, E. (1991), “La Ricostruzione in Parlamento”, in Corsi E. and Franco C. (Eds.), Dal terremoto al futuro. La ricostruzione a Napoli. Il Titolo VIII della Legge 219/81, Electa, Napoli, pp. 223-231.
  7. Cutter, S. L., Burton, C. G. and Emrich, C. T. (2010), “Disaster resilience indicators for benchmarking baseline conditions”, Journal of homeland security and emergency management, Vol. 7, n. 1. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1732.
  8. Davoudi, S., Shaw, K., Haider, L. J., Quinlan, A. E., Peterson, G. D., Wilkinson, C. … and Porter, L. (2012), “Resilience: A bridging concept or a dead end?”, Planning Theory & Practice, Vol. 13, n. 2, pp. 299-333. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2012.677124.
  9. Fabbro, S. (2012), “La ricostruzione del Friuli a confronto con gli interventi post-terremoto a L’Aquila”, in Gerundo R. (Ed.), Terremoto 80 Ricostruzione e sviluppo, ESI, Napoli, pp. 85-105.
  10. Fernandez, G., & Ahmed, I. (2019). “Build back better” approach to disaster recovery: Research trends since 2006. Progress in Disaster Science, 1, 100003. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2019.100003.
  11. Forman, R. T. T. (1995), Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  12. Formato, E., Miano, M., Vingelli, F. and Russo, M. (2020), “Il progetto nei territori dell’abusivismo. Trasformare per mettere in sicurezza: il caso della ricostruzione di Ischia”, PLANUM, pp.698-704.
  13. Hidayat, B. and Egbu, C. (2010), “A literature review of the role of project management in post-disaster reconstruction”, In Procs 26th Annual ARCOM Conference, pp. 1269-1278. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Benny_Hidayat/publication/46395691_A_literature_review_of_the_role_of_project_management_in_post-disaster_reconstruction/links/561613ce08ae4ce3cc6584a6/A-literature-review-of-the-role-of-project-management-in-post-disaster-reconstruction.pdf.
  14. Kates, R. W., Colten, C. E., Laska, S. and Leatherman, S. P. (2006), “Reconstruction of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina: A research perspective”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, n. 40, pp.14653–14660. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605726103.
  15. Moccia, F.D. (2012), “La ricostruzione in Campania. Alcuni nodi urbanistici alla prova del programma straordinario”, in Gerundo R. (Ed.), Terremoto 80 Ricostruzione e sviluppo, ESI, Napoli, pp. 125-159.
  16. Nappi, R., Porfido, S., Paganini, E., Vezzoli, L. … and Michetti, A. M. (2021), “The 2017, MD= 4.0, Casamicciola earthquake: ESI-07 scale evaluation and implications for the source model”, Geosciences, Vol. 11, n. 2, 44. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020044.
  17. Saunders, W., Beban, J. G. and Kilvington, M. (2013), “Risk-based land use planning for natural hazard risk reduction”, GNS Science Miscellaneous, Vol. 67.
  18. Safapour, E., Kermanshachi, S., & Pamidimukkala, A. (2021). Post-disaster recovery in urban and rural communities: Challenges and strategies. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 64, 102535. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102535.
  19. Sgobbo, A. (2018), Water Sensitive Urban Planning. Approach and opportunities in Mediterranean metropolitan areas, INU Edizioni, Roma.
  20. Sgobbo, A. (2025). Healthy Cities and post-disaster reconstruction in multi-hazard areas: the case of Ischia. VALORI E VALUTAZIONI, (38), 105-118. Available at: https://doi.org/10.48264/VVSIEV-20253808.
  21. Vingiani, S., Mele, G., De Mascellis, R., Terribile, F. and Basile, A. (2015), “Volcanic soils and landslides: a case study of the island of Ischia (southern Italy) and its relationship with other Campania events”, Solid Earth, Vol. 6m n. 2, pp.783-797. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-783-2015.