TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment
TECHNE, Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, the scientific journal of SITdA, the Italian Society of Architectural Technology, meets the Society's aims by working, at the national and international level, to promote knowledge and the methods and techniques of Architectural Technology, so as to protect and enhance the man-made environment, and to promote innovative applications and interdisciplinary comparison. The journal publishes articles on innovative research and applications, as well as essays and reports. Editor-in-Chief: Elena Mussinelli, Politecnico di Milano, Italy ISSN online: 2239-0243 ISSN print: 2240-7391 TECHNE is indexed in: CALL FOR PAPERS | TECHNE | 33 Integrated Design. Multi-scale Process and Systemic Design Timing: Abstract submission: 29th May 2026 | Abstract acceptance: 6th July 2026 Article submission: 14th September 2026 | Reviewed article result: 30th October 2026 | Reviewed article submission: 30th November 2026 PUBLICATION DATE TECHNE 33: 14th May 2027 DOWNLOAD THE CALL PDF: ENG - ITA
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Critical readings on climate, crisis, and society for technological and environmental design
Copyright (c) 2026 Roberto Bologna, Maria Vittoria Arnetoli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Copyright (c) 2026 Elena Mussinelli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Climate change, uncertainty and risk assessment for adaptation strategies in architectural design
The paper analyses the relationship between the built environment and impacts deriving from climate change with the aim of highlighting the need to develop methods and tools to effectively manage the numerous uncertainty factors present in the framework of climate actions on buildings in the design phase. In this context, the paper proposes an analysis of the many risk assessment techniques available in the literature to identify tools capable of supporting building design in managing the uncertainty of climate actions by defining appropriate adaptation strategies. In a perspective of technology transfer from other production sectors, the paper proposes an application to the building scale of a specific risk assessment technique – the Hazard and Operability study (HAZOP) – adapting its characteristics to the building project and testing its application to a case study within the European RE-SKIN project.
Copyright (c) 2026 Giancarlo Paganin, Cinzia Talamo, Nazly Atta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Space, risk, shelter: Designing within the complexity of climate change
The thesis advanced is that, in the context of the climate crisis, the shelter must be re-conceived as a place capable of expressing and negotiating the complexity of ongoing environmental and social transformations. Situated within a permanent condition of risk exposure, the shelter is not conceived as either an emergency response or a purely technical solution, but as a device that renders the tensions running through the built environment legible. The shelter functions as a threshold. It is not an enclosed space, but a relational, permeable device that accommodates variable temporalities and inhabits uncertainty. While not explicitly referring to this category, several contemporary design practices introduce adaptive, reversible, and multi-scalar spatial solutions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ina Macaione, Enrica Gaia Consiglio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design-based adaptation scenarios to climate risks in 20th-century reclaimed landscapes
In the context of the climate crisis, 20th-century reclaimed coastal landscapes (20CRL) – the result of modernist control over nature – are facing growing systemic risks. Adaptation, however, is hindered by cultural, scientific, and institutional gaps, with design research remaining marginal. ReclaiMEDlanD is a design-based, interdisciplinary, and participatory initiative that, by focusing on two Italian 20CRLs, reconsiders risk as a lens for rethinking current spatial and governance structures, supporting communities toward long-term adaptation scenarios. The future of 20CRLs depends on creatively embracing uncertainty through design, paving the way for a collective agenda for climate adaptation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alessandro Raffa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
“Green Nexus Hub”: towards a design paradigm for ecosystem-based urban risk management
The contribution addresses urban risk as a systemic condition, and introduces the “Green Nexus Hub” as a design paradigm for the ecosystemic regeneration of residual spaces. Through design practices and methodologies, these sites are reinterpreted as socio-ecological infrastructures capable of reactivating latent ecosystem services, and of fostering inclusive processes. The research integrates a critical review of the literature with the analysis of three case studies – Marseille (France), Bogotá (Colombia), and East Naples (Italy) – selected to highlight recurrent tensions and potentialities. The findings outline an operational framework for urban strategies oriented toward transformative resilience, ecological justice, and design innovation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Martina Corti, Diletta Struzziero, Stefano Follesa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risks and opportunities in rural heritage: the case of Yuanjia village’s built environment
This essay examines the regeneration of Yuanjia Village (Shaanxi) as a paradigmatic case for understanding the construction of collective memory in contemporary China. Initiated in 2007, the transformation intertwines tourism, community governance, and construction technologies, yielding a landscape that appears traditional while, in fact, it combines redevelopment strategies, market dynamics, and innovative processes. The project raises crucial questions and encourages reflection on authenticity as a relational and unstable category, shaped through selection and spectacularisation processes. The case study further illustrates the capacity of Chinese rural communities to reinterpret tradition in ways compatible with modernity, thereby assigning an active role to heritage in local development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Barbara Galli, Emilio Faroldi, Yupeng Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From the integration of knowledge to territorial impacts: towards an innovative “risk culture”
Copyright (c) 2026 Mario Losasso, Andrea Prota https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risk analysis and management in the built environment: knowledge, strategies, and design
Environmental and climate-related risks present a growing challenge for the built environment, with significant impacts on cities, infrastructures and territories. The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme events, together with anthropogenic pressure on ecosystems, amplify social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities. The paper analyses the role of knowledge and prevention in risk management, highlighting the need to integrate observational data, risk models, and strategic scenarios into decision-making processes oriented toward planning and design. Through a multi-risk perspective, the study emphasises the importance of integrated adaptation and mitigation strategies for urban regeneration and resilience. The adoption of interdisciplinary approaches, decision support tools, and participatory processes enables the transformation of scientific knowledge into effective preventive actions, contributing to the development of more resilient and sustainable urban systems.Environmental and climate-related risks present a growing challenge for the built environment, with significant impacts on cities, infrastructures and territories. The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme events, together with anthropogenic pressure on ecosystems, amplify social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities. The paper analyses the role of knowledge and prevention in risk management, highlighting the need to integrate observational data, risk models, and strategic scenarios into decision-making processes oriented toward planning and design. Through a multi-risk perspective, the study emphasises the importance of integrated adaptation and mitigation strategies for urban regeneration and resilience. The adoption of interdisciplinary approaches, decision support tools, and participatory processes enables the transformation of scientific knowledge into effective preventive actions, contributing to the development of more resilient and sustainable urban systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Valeria D'Ambrosio, Katia Perini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hazard and risk models in civil protection activities: use and perspectives in Italy
The Italian civil protection system is a comprehensive multi-level framework aimed at protecting people, property and the environment from natural and anthropogenic hazards. Hazard and risk models are essential for all phases of risk management. They guide preparedness and prevention policies, such as plans and structural retrofit programmes. They also underpin emergency management through early warning systems, real time monitoring, rapid damage assessments, and probabilistic models that support civil protection decision-making. In recovery phases, they inform reconstruction priorities and enable “build back better” strategies. An increasingly important role is played by multi-risk approaches. Risk perception and communication, as well as the emerging challenges posed by climate change, deserve special attention. Future priorities also include improved multi-risk assessment, integration of social vulnerability, and the use of artificial intelligence in hazard and risk modelling to enhance evidence-based decisions in disaster risk management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Daniela Di Bucci https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Earth’s climate system is a complex and non-linear system, whose future evolution cannot be predicted deterministically but only estimated probabilistically through emission scenarios and climate model simulations. Within this framework, climate change risk can be defined as the interaction among the probability of weather and climate events, exposure, and vulnerability. Observational evidence and model projections indicate unprecedented increases in greenhouse gas concentrations and global mean temperature (IPCC, 2021), resulting in hydrological cycle intensification, more frequent and severe extreme events, glacier retreat, and sea-level rise. Urban and coastal areas are particularly exposed, while regions such as the Mediterranean are recognised as climate hotspots, characterised by warming rates above the global average. Risk reduction requires an integrated approach combining emission mitigation and locally tailored adaptation policies to avoid crossing climate system tipping points, and to keep risks within thresholds compatible with sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Filippo Giorgi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Climate adaptation and design: from science to action through advanced research and widely shared skills
The climate crisis is a growing risk for cities, infrastructure, and landscapes. The rise in global mean temperature (approximately more than ~1.3°C compared with the pre‑industrial period), and the higher frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events are already affecting key sectors such as health, the economy, and safety. Alongside ambitious mitigation policies, making adaptation strategies workable is now a concrete need for design practice, as well as for land and asset management. In this chain of processes, climate science does not only “provide scenarios”. It also builds information that can be used in the built environment, such as choosing the most suitable datasets, checking consistency between models and observations from the past, and helping decision‑makers read uncertainties in a way that fits technical choices. Experience from applied research and from collaborations with actors working on planning, infrastructure, and service management shows that the added value is given by the ability to turn high quality and innovative data into requirements and thresholds that designers and administrations can understand, and into monitoring systems that allow adaptation choices to be improved over time. Generally speaking, the entire process “from data to actions” requires a multidisciplinary chain that leads: (i) from data availability to interpretation through clear indicators; (ii) to risk assessments that include hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity; (iii) to prioritising and implementing measures; and (iv) to continuous monitoring of effectiveness over time. One of the most delicate steps is co‑design with administrations, professionals, and citizens. To work well, it needs a shared language, ongoing dialogue, and innovative skills from the scientific community to both maximise environmental and social co‑benefits, and reduce inequalities that climate change tends to worsen.
Copyright (c) 2026 Paola Mercogliano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risks and urban overheating: From Evidence to Intervention
Urban overheating has a serious impact on the energy, health, environmental, and financial sectors. While the direct risks are clearly perceived, the broader multidimensional impacts are rarely understood or adequately assessed by decision-makers, markets, and other stakeholders. This is mainly due to the significant lack of primary statistical and social data, as well as the absence of specialised studies. This paper aims to identify the main obstacles to properly assessing the broader risks of urban overheating. It develops a comprehensive process comprising nine distinct phases to effectively evaluate, plan, and address the challenges of regional climate change. It also discusses strategies and policies to be adopted to promote sustainable development and economic growth through the implementation of large-scale heat mitigation and adaptation projects.
Copyright (c) 2026 Konstantina Vasilakopoulou, Qinghua Lv, Matthaios Santamouris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reflections on the effects of climate change on cities and territories
Copyright (c) 2026 Federica Visconti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design, technology and the environment in multi-risk scenarios
Natural, human-induced, and environmental risks often manifest through interconnected combinations, linking the hazards of these phenomena to the exposure and vulnerability of physical, social, and intangible components. In addition to producing new qualities designed to overcome critical factors, technology today is capable of driving the necessary changes to ensure urban safety and liveability in the face of multi-risk scenarios. Among the risks most widely perceived as a serious threat, climate change has become a subject of study in the sociopolitical sphere and in the context of security. In urban settlements, the impacts of a changing climate, like other risks, result from the interaction of climatic phenomena with levels of vulnerability and exposure. Efforts to mitigate them must be implemented by reducing these levels through adaptation measures. In the face of multiple risks interacting with those caused by the new climate regime, architectural design must develop integrated strategies in which regenerative factors can inform new urban layouts – cities that were unfortunately developed and managed in ages when risk factors were not adequately considered.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mario Losasso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital knowledge-based tools for a proactive approach to climate-risk management in urban design
This research addresses climate-risk management in urban design with a focus on knowledge-based digital information systems. These tools are examined for their impact on design decision making as means of knowledge that enable designers to integrate mitigation and adaptation strategies already in early meta-design phases, adopting a proactive and site-specific approach. Through a scoping review, the paper selects twenty information tools documented in the literature and compares them according to the criteria of interoperability, accessibility, and usability as defined by ISO standards. The comparative assessment of the tools makes it possible to evaluate their functional contribution to the phases of knowledge production, mapping, and monitoring that characterise environmental urban design.
Copyright (c) 2026 Martina Di Palma, Marina Rigillo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Local climate zones for knowledge and climate-risk-oriented design of urban settlements
The research integrates morphometric classifications (LCZ) and urban taxonomies (PNACC, RETURN project) to support climate risk adaptation. In Naples, LCZ mapping has been refined with morphometric data and GIS-based approaches, improving its accuracy. Integration with climate-oriented urban taxonomies has made it possible to associate each LCZ, uniform in terms of geometric, surface, land cover, thermal-radiative, and metabolic characteristics, with targeted actions, evaluated through the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the PNACC. The study proposes a multiscale and replicable method for defining measurable climate risk-oriented actions calibrated to individual urban contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Antonio Sferratore, Vittorio Miraglia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Disasters and Vulnerability: a multidimensional dynamic approach
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction highlighted the multidimensional and dynamic nature of vulnerability. Since the second half of the last century, several tools have been developed to predictively identify or quantify vulnerabilities, often with poor operational results. The CORE research (Science and Human Factors for Resilient Society) is part of a new set of methods that enable knowledge co-production processes through argumentative and dynamic collaboration between first responders and people with reduced adaptive capacity. The aim is to assess intersectional factors linked to inequalities, and the presence of systemic risks. A critical comparison of knowledge, experiences, and perceptions, based on scenarios, allows to identify hidden problems, to propose dynamic solutions, and to improve the functional resilience of both buildings and the environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maddalena Coccagna, Elisabetta Schiavone, Stefano Zanut https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A new tool for mapping climate change in architecture: method and perspectives
The instability induced by climate change requires the development of models and tools to predict and mitigate its impact on the performance of the built environment. This paper introduces a new tool for mapping the impact of climate change, both at the scale of individual buildings and at the territorial level. The tool enables professionals to study the effects of technological and design choices in the face of a dynamic climate, aiming to increase knowledge, assess potential risks, and support preventive actions to enhance resilience. The paper, derived from an H2020 research project co-funded by the EU, describes the developed methodology, focusing on climate data processing, and discusses some preliminary results.
Copyright (c) 2026 Giacomo Chiesa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Towards a methodology for assessing urban systemic vulnerability
Traditional vulnerability assessments often address single hazards, overlooking the systemic interdependencies that characterise cities as socio-ecological-technological systems (SETS). This study advances the concept of systemic vulnerability by proposing a multidimensional framework integrating physical, social, economic, and ecological dimensions. The research applies a structured literature review to identify key criteria and indicators influencing systemic vulnerability. Building on these findings, we outline the development of a Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI), focusing on urban heat stress as a case application. Results reveal three core dimensions that capture the complexity of systemic vulnerability and underscore the need for integrated approaches to support adaptive planning and GIS-based spatial assessments, addressing critical gaps in urban resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cristina Visconti, Martina Bosone https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Distributed flood adaptation actions across scales: a participatory decision-making framework
As flooding becomes more frequent and intense, traditional Flood Risk Management often overlooks the cumulative potential of smaller, decentralized actions and limits integration between public and private efforts. Contributing to a systemic approach to flood adaptation, this paper presents a participatory decision-making Framework, supporting distributed flood actions. Developed through literature review, interviews, and focus groups in Milan and Melbourne, the Framework combines different participatory steps to assess flood actions across five multidisciplinary Dimensions, based on management and governance principles. Complementing the current Flood Risk Management practices, the Framework builds socio-technical and institutional conditions for collective action.
Copyright (c) 2026 Francesca Vanelli, Paul Minifie, Monica Lavagna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An integrated multi-scalar framework for assessing climate change risks to cultural heritage
The multiple risks induced by climate change on tangible cultural heritage, distributed across different spatial scales, require an integrated and multidisciplinary assessment approach. In this context, the research conducted by the Sapienza PNRR group developed and applied to the case study of Tortona, Italy, a multi-scalar mapping methodology aimed at assessing the risks arising from the combined and interactive effects of climatic factors. The methodological framework integrates GIS analyses, climate monitoring, and microclimatic simulations, enabling the quantification of climate change impacts, and the examination of cultural heritage vulnerability in relation to specific degradation phenomena at territorial, urban, and local scales.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alessandra Battisti, Angelo Figliola, Adriano Ruggiero, Alberto Calenzo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Innovative tools for urban resilience and public health in inner areas
This paper fits within the framework of the Spoke 10 “Population Health” research programme of the NRRP “THE” – Tuscany Health Ecosystem project. The aim is to develop integrated design models to mitigate environmental stresses that negatively impact human health, with a focus on fragile territories and vulnerable populations. In line with European strategies (Green Deal, Agenda 2030), the project takes a cross-sectoral view of the environmental determinants of health by integrating participatory approaches to increase risk perception and the active involvement of communities in analysis and prevention processes by promoting socio-environmental awareness and resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Paola Gallo, Alessandra Donato, Elisa Caruso, Valeria Lingua https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risk resilience in historic urban environments: a user-centred approach
Historic Urban Built Environments are stressed by several risks, which can be either single or combined, with effects exacerbated by heritage features, user dynamics, and poor resilience level. Herein, (multi-)risk reduction and mitigation imply following a user-centred, dynamic approach, exploiting simulation tools and virtual reality risk communications towards stakeholders to additionally increase awareness and preparedness. This research aims at developing predictive models and tools for assessing and mitigating single to multiple risks in these scenarios, considering the interactions of users with hazards, physical vulnerability factors, and deployable strategies. Examples from BE S2ECURe and ReACT projects, adopting this approach, are shown to demonstrate its capabilities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Enrico Quagliarini, Mariella De Fino, Elena Cantatore, Fabio Fatiguso, Gabriele Bernardini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Provisional public spaces: proximity, inclusiveness, and adaptability for post-earthquake sociality
Using a social and interdisciplinary approach, the study identifies the central role of public space in supporting post-earthquake social reconstruction processes in the international context through a critical comparison of procedural and design models in Italy and Türkiye. The applied mixed methods methodology enhances qualitative aspects by integrating normative analysis, empirical observation, and interviews. The research identifies proximity, inclusiveness, and adaptability as requirements for the quality of temporary public space, translated into documents that can be integrated with current Italian procedures, with possible applications in other at-risk contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ludovica Gregori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing urban heat island risk during heatwaves with satellite data and fuzzy clustering techniques
This paper presents a methodology for mapping urban heat island risk generated by heat waves, based on Landsat 8 satellite data and unsupervised artificial intelligence classification techniques. The integration of the land surface temperature (LST) raster and the vegetation index (NDVI) allows the identification of urban areas with high thermal exposure (hot spots), the most resilient areas (cold spots), and the estimation of the resident population at risk. The tests were carried out on the city of Naples during heat waves that occurred in the last three years from 2022 to 2024. The results show that the proposed framework can provide an operational tool for decision makers to monitor heat islands and plan climate-proof solutions in the most critical urban contexts. The proposed methodology is portable and transferable to other urban contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rosa Cafaro, Barbara Cardone, Ferdinando Di Martino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Climate Shelters: an urban network for climate resilience and neighbourhood services
This paper proposes a methodology for identifying and designing Climate Shelters, precisely permanent urban infrastructures capable of mitigating heatwave effects and generating social, energy, and environmental co-benefits. The framework integrates technical, environmental, and functional indicators with GIS and Algorithm Aided Design tools in order to transform existing spaces into resilience and neighbourhood service nodes. The application of the methodology to Naples’ SECAP demonstrates how climate shelters contribute to reducing energy poverty and developing inclusive urban networks. The Bagnoli case study highlights the methodology’s capacity to translate strategic objectives into concrete design solutions, strengthening the role of public space in climate adaptation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Giovanni Nocerino, Maria Teresa Girardi, Mattia Federico Leone https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design support tools for climate and risk-oriented agrivoltaic systems
The research investigates agrivoltaic systems as innovative technologies for mitigating environmental and climate risks with the aim of developing risk and climate-oriented design support tools. The analysis integrates a scoping review, stakeholder consultation, and monitoring data, allowing for the identification of priority risks, recurrent agri-technological solutions, and adaptive spatial and functional configurations. The comparative cards developed summarise objectives, functions, and vulnerability reduction capacities, offering operational tools for designers and decision-makers. The contribution presents outcomes developed in continuity with the results of the PTR 2022–2024 MASE–ENEA, Line 2.7 Guidelines for the environmental sustainability of agrivoltaic system projects.
Copyright (c) 2026 Federica Marandino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Architecture, risk, and co-design. Community-based approaches for risk mitigation in Lomellina
This paper presents the results of a research project conducted as part of Task 7.4.4 of the PNRR MUR RETURN project. It is based on a multidisciplinary theoretical framework, and adopts a methodology that combines architectural and urban co-design with practices for recognising the widespread territorial heritage in fragile contexts exposed to multi-risk scenarios. The objective is to develop anti-fragile strategies by integrating ordinary and emergency planning with community-based actions through participatory approaches based on people engagement. In this framework, the construction of shared knowledge becomes a tool for activating transformative processes that respond in an adaptive and resilient way to the uncertainties of the contemporary “permacrisis” condition.
Copyright (c) 2026 Francesco Airoldi, Francesca Vigotti, Emilia Corradi, Cassandra Cozza, Camillo Frattari, Stefano Sartorio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Lassa fever: A review of three treatment centres in Nigeria
During Lassa fever outbreaks, Treatment Centres (TCs) are critical for patient care and transmission control, yet their design remains underexplored. The study analyses three TC in Nigeria, using a reverse-engineering approach. Findings reveal major differences in capacity, zoning, and service integration, with implications for infection control, staff safety, and inclusivity. Recurring layout trends and critical gaps are identified. A set of spatial indicators is proposed and cross-case results are translated into design principles for LF centres. The work offers a framework for developing design standards to strengthen outbreak management, and highlights the need for adaptable facilities and future research to define indicators linking design with health outcomes and patient experience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Francesca De Filippi, Francesca Pagano, Michele Di Marco, Luca Fontana, Anna Silenzi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrated risk maps and technical architectures for fragile contexts. The Daunia villages
Widespread landslides characterise the small urban centres of the Daunia Sub-Apennines in Apulia, placing them in a fragile state. A PRIN TEArch activity, illustrated here, focuses on the study of risk maps in this context. The goal is to build an archive of knowledge materials for the area to support vulnerability management in architectural design. Observation of the maps highlights the increased frequency of landslides near the villages, demonstrating the reciprocal relationship between human pressure and the environment. Hence, the activity produced integrated risk maps along with an abacus of the main technical architectures already used as mitigation strategies in some local applications. This serves to summarise the data and create a user-friendly consultation tool for subsequent pre-project and meta-project phases.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nicoletta Faccitondo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reconstruction: The principle of ‘Intolerable Exposure’ in the Ischia Reconstruction Plan
Post-disaster planning involves mediating between territorial memory and collective safety. When mitigation or vulnerability reduction are neither effective nor sustainable, selective relocation emerges as a rational strategy, recognizing that many settlements in high-risk zones derive from historically determined but now unacceptable choices. The Ischia Island Reconstruction Plan (PdRI) constitutes an emblematic case. Framed within a multi-hazard context – hydrogeological, seismic, and climatic – yet of exceptional environmental and cultural value, the PdRI, developed with the University of Naples Federico II, advances a resilient planning model. Grounded in the principle of ‘intolerable exposure,’ it shifts the focus from restoration to territorial regeneration, offering broader implications for disaster risk governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alessandro Sgobbo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0