Articles
A new species of the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from Ecuador, with new information for Noblella worleyae
Published 2021-09-17
Keywords
- Frog,
- Los Cedros Biological Reserve,
- endemism,
- Imbabura,
- Mindo
- Pichincha,
- phylogeny ...More
How to Cite
Reyes-Puig, C., Guayasamin, J. M., Koch, C., Brito-Zapata, D. ., Hollanders, M. ., Costales, M., & Cisneros-Heredia, D. F. . (2021). A new species of the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from Ecuador, with new information for Noblella worleyae. Acta Herpetologica, 16(2), 63–87. https://doi.org/10.36253/a_h-10742
Abstract
We describe a new species of terrestrial-breeding frog of the genus Noblella from the northwestern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador, in the province of Pichincha, Ecuador, and report a new locality for the recently described N. worleyae. We include a detailed description of the osteology of both species and discuss their phylogenetic relationships. The new species is differentiated from other species of Noblella by having discs of fingers rounded, without papillae; distal phalanges only slightly T-shaped; toes slightly expanded and rounded distally, without papillae; dorsum uniform brown with irregular suprainguinal dark brown marks; venter yellowish cream, ventral surfaces of legs and thighs reddish to brownish cream; and dark brown throat. The new locality for N. worleyae is located in Los Cedros Reserve, an area highly threatened by mining. We highlight the importance of protecting endemic species of small vertebrates in northwestern Ecuador.
Metrics
Metrics Loading ...
References
Albernaz, A. (2007): Letter from Mindo: the residents of a tiny Ecuadorian town strike a balance between tourism and ecology, and find that it suits their nature just right. Science & Spirit 18: 13–16.
Almendáriz, A., Brito, J., Batallas, D., Ron, S. (2014): Una especie nueva de rana arbórea del género Hyloscirtus (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) de la Cordillera del Cóndor. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 54: 33–49.
Arteaga-Navarro, A.F., Bustamante, L., Guayasamin, J.M. (2013): The Amphibians and Reptiles of Mindo. Life in the Cloudforest. In: vol. 1, pp. 1–257. Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica.
Arteaga, A., Bustamante, L., Guayasamin, J.M. (2013): The amphibians and reptiles of Mindo: life in the Cloudforest. Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito.
Barbour, T. (1930): A list of Antillean reptiles and amphibians. Zoologica 11: 61–116.
Beaupre, S.J., Jacobson, E.R., Lillywhite, H.B., Zamudio, K. (2004): Guidelines for use of live amphibians and reptiles in field and laboratory research. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Lawrence.
Barrio-Amorón, C.L., Costales, M., Vieira, J., Osterman, E., Kaiser, H., Arteaga, A. (2020): Back from extinction: rediscovery of the harlequin toad Atelopus mindoensis Peters, 1973 in Ecuador. Herpetological Notes 13: 325–328.
Betancourt, R., Reyes-Puig, C., Lobos, S.E., Yánez-Muñoz, M.H., Torres-Carvajal, O. (2018): Sistemática de los saurios Anadia Gray, 1845 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) de Ecuador: límite de especies, distribución geográfica y descripción de una especie nueva. Neotropical Biodiversity 4: 83–102.
Castellanos, A., Laguna, A., Clifford, S. (2011): Suggestions for mitigating cattle depredation and resulting human-bear conflicts in Ecuador. International Bear News 20: 16–18.
Catenazzi, A., Ttito, A. (2019): Noblella thiuni sp. n., a new (singleton) species of minute terrestrial-breeding frog (Amphibia, Anura, Strabomantidae) from the montane forest of the Amazonian Andes of Puno, Peru. PeerJ 7: e6780.
Catenazzi, A., Uscapi, V., von May, R. (2015): A new species of Noblella (Amphibia, Anura, Craugastoridae) from the humid montane forests of Cusco, Peru. Zookeys 516: 71–84.
Catenazzi, A., L. Mamani, E. Lehr, and R. von May. 2020. A new genus of terrestrial-breeding frogs (Holoadeninae, Strabomantidae, Terrarana) from southern Peru. Diversity 12 (184): 1–17
Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Ryenolds, R.P. (2007): New records of Phyllonastes Heyer, 1977 from Ecuador and Peru. Herpetozoa 19: 184–186.
Cisneros-Heredia, D. F., Gluesenkamp, A. G. (2010). A new Andean toad of the genus Osor‑nophryne (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) from northwestern Ecuador, with taxonomic remarks on the genus. ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías 2: B64-B73.Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Yanez-Munoz, M.H. (2010): A new poison frog of the genus Epipedobates (Dendrobatoidea: Dendrobatidae) from the north-western Andes of Ecuador. Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías 2: 83–86.
Cope, E. (1862): On some new and little known American Anura. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 14: 151–159.
Cuesta, F., Peralvo, M., Merino-Viteri, A., Bustamante, M., Baquero, F., Freile, J.F., Muriel, P., Torres-Carvajal, O. (2017): Priority areas for biodiversity conservation in mainland Ecuador. Neotropical Biodiversity 3: 93–106.
De la Riva, I., Chaparro, J.C., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Padial, J.M. (2017): Underestimated anuran radiations in the high Andes: five new species and a new genus of Holoadeninae, and their phylogenetic relationships (Anura: Craugastoridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 182: 129–172.
De La Riva, I., Chaparro, J.C., Padial, J.M. (2008): The taxonomic status of Phyllonastes Heyer and Phrynopus peruvianus (Noble) (Lissamphibia, Anura): resurrection of Noblella Barbour. Zootaxa 1685: 67–68.
De la Riva, I., Köhler, J. (1998): A New minute Leptodactylid frog, Genus Phyllonastes, from humid montane forests of Bolivia. Journal of Herpetology 32: 325.
De Queiroz, K. (2005): Ernst Mayr and the modern concept of species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102: 6600–6607.
De Queiroz, K. (2007): Species concepts and species delimitation. Systematic Biology 56: 879–886.
Duellman, W.E. (1988): Patterns of species diversity in anuran amphibians in the American tropics. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: 79–104.
Duellman, W.E. (1991): A new species of leptodactylid frog, genus Phyllonastes, from Peru. Herpetologica 47: 9–13.
Duellman, W.E., Lehr, E. (2009): Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Nature und Tier Verlag, Münster, Germany.
Duellman, W.E., Trueb, L. (1994): Biology of Amphibians. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.
Fabrezi, M., Alberch, P. (1996): The carpal elements of anurans. Herpetologica 32: 188–204.
Frost, D.R. (2020): Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. In, vol. 2020, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
Goin, C. J., and D. M. Cochran. 1963. Two new genera of leptodactylid frogs from Colombia. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th Series 31: 499–505.
Guayasamin, J.M., Arteaga, A., Hutter, C.R. (2018): A new (singleton) rainfrog of the Pristimantis myersi Group (Amphibia: Craugastoridae) from the northern Andes of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4527: 323–334.
Guayasamin, J.M., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Maynard, R.J., Lynch, R.L., Culebras, J., Hamilton, P.S. (2017a): A marvelous new glassfrog (Centrolenidae, Hyalinobatrachium) from Amazonian Ecuador. Zookeys 673: 1–20.
Guayasamin, J.M., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Vieira, J., Kohn, S., Gavilanes, G., Lynch, R.L., Hamilton, P.S., Maynard, R.J. (2019): A new glassfrog (Centrolenidae) from the Choco-Andean Rio Manduriacu Reserve, Ecuador, endangered by mining. PeerJ 7: e6400.
Guayasamin, J.M., Terán-Valdez, A. (2009): A new species of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the western slopes of the Andes of Ecuador. Zootaxa 2161: 47–59.
Guayasamin, O.L., Couzin, I.D., Miller, N.Y. (2017b): Behavioural plasticity across social contexts is regulated by the directionality of inter-individual differences. Behav Processes 141: 196–204.
Guayasamin, J.M., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., McDiarmid, R.W., Peña, P., Hutter, C.R. (2020): Glassfrog of Ecuador: diversity, evolution, and conservation. Diversity 12 (222): 1–285 (doi:10.3390/d12060222)
Jiménez de la Espada, M. 1872. Nuevos batrácios Americanos. Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid 1: 84–88.
Jiménez de la Espada, M. 1870. Fauna neotropicalis species quaedam nondum cognitae. Jornal de Sciências, Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes. Lisboa 3: 57–65.
Harvey, M., Almendariz, A., Brito, J., Batallas, D. (2013): A new species of Noblella (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes with comments on Noblella lochites (Lynch). Zootaxa 3635: 1–14.
Hedges, S.B., Duellman, W.E., Heinicke, M.P. (2008): New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa 1737:1–182.
Heinicke, M.P., Duellman, W.E., Hedges, S.B. (2007): Major Caribbean and Central American frog faunas originated by ancient oceanic dispersal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 10092–10097.
Heinicke, M.P., Lemmon, A.R., Lemmon, E.M., McGrath, K., Hedges, S.B. (2018): Phylogenomic support for evolutionary relationships of New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terraranae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 118: 145–155.
Heyer, W. (1969): Studies on the genus Leptodactylus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) III. A redefinition of the genus Leptodactylus and a description of a new genus of leptodactylid frogs. Contributions in Science. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 155: 1–14.
Hillman, S.S., Drewes, R.C., Hedrick, M.S., Hancock, T.V. (2014): Physiological vagility: correlations with dispersal and population genetic structure of amphibians. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 87: 105–112.
Hutter, C.R., Guayasamin, J.M. (2015): Cryptic diversity concealed in the Andean cloud forests: two new species of rainfrogs (Pristimantis) uncovered by molecular and bioacoustic data. Neotropical Biodiversity 1: 36–59.
Hutter, C.R., Guayasamin, J.M., Wiens, J.J. (2013): Explaining Andean megadiversity: the evolutionary and ecological causes of glassfrog elevational richness patterns. Ecol Lett 16: 1135–1144.
Hutter, C.R., Lambert, S.M., Wiens, J.J. (2017): Rapid diversification and time explain amphibian richness at different scales in the Tropical Andes, Earth’s most biodiverse hotspot. The American Naturalist 190: 828–843.
INHAMI. (2020): Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología. In, Gobierno de la República de Ecuador.
Köhler, J. (2000): A new species of Phyllonastes Heyer from the Chapare region of Bolivia, with notes on Phyllonastes carrascoicola. Spixiana 23: 47–53.
Lehr, E., Aguilar, C., Lundberg, M.A. (2004): A New species of Phyllonastes from Peru (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae). Journal of Herpetology 38: 214–218.
Lehr, E., Catenazzi, A. (2009): A New species of minute Noblella (Anura: Strabomantidae) from southern Peru: The smallest frog of the Andes. Copeia 2009: 148–156.
Lessmann, J.; Muñoz, J.; Bonaccorso, E. (2014): Maximizing species conservation in continental Ecuador: A case of systematic conservation planning for biodiverse regions. Ecol. Evol. 2014, 4, 2410–2422.
Lessmann, J., Troya, M.J., Flecker, A.S., Funk, W.C., Guayasamin, J.M., Ochoa-Herrera, V., Poff, N.L., Suarez, E., Encalada, A.C. (2019): Validating anthropogenic threat maps as a tool for assessing river ecological integrity in Andean-Amazon basins. PeerJ 7: e8060.
Lips, K.R., Reaser, J.K., Young, B.E. (2001): Amphibian monitoring in Latin America: A protocol manual.
Lynch, J. (1986): New species of minute Leptodactylid frogs from the Andes of Ecuador and Peru. Journal of Herpetology 20: 423.
Lynch, J.D. (1976a): New species of frogs (Leptodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus) from the Pacific versant of Ecuador. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 55: 1–33.
Lynch, J.D. (1976b): Two new species of frogs of the genus Euparkerella (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from Ecuador and Perú. Herpetologica 32: 48–53.
Lynch, J.D., Duellman, W.E. (1997): Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylidae) in western Ecuador: Systematic, ecology, and biogeography. Natural History Museum of Kansas University of Kansas.
Maddison, D.R., Maddison, W.P. (2005): MacClade 4. In, Sinauer Sunderland Massachusetts USA.
MECN. (2009): Ecosistemas del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito (DMQ).
Miranda-Ribeiro, A. de. 1920. Algumas consideracões sobre Holoaden lüderwaldti e generos correlatos. Revista do Museu Paulista. São Paulo 12: 319–320.
Mueses-Cisneros, J.J., Yánez-Muñoz, M.H., Guayasamin, J.M. (2010): Una nueva especie de sapo del género Osornophryne (Anura: Bufonidae) de las estribaciones amazónicas de los Andes de Ecuador. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 50: 269–279.
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, Jennifer Kent, J. (2000): Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853–858.
Noble, G.K. (1921): Five new species of Salientia from South America. American Museum Novitates 29: 1–7.
Páez-Moscoso, D. J., Guayasamin, J.M. (2012): Species limits in the Andean toad genus Osornophryne (Bufonidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65:805–822.
Paez, N.B., Ron, S.R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. Zookeys 868: 1–112.
Peñafiel, N., Flores, D.M., Rivero De Aguilar, J., Guayasamin, J.M., Bonaccorso, E. (2019): A cost-effective protocol for total DNA isolation from animal tissue. Neotropical Biodiversity 5: 69–74.
Peters, W. C. H. 1873. Über zwei Gisftschlangen aus Afrika und über neue oder weniger bekannte Gattungen und Arten von Batrachiern. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1873: 411–418.
Reinhardt, J. T., and C. F. Lütken. 1862 "1861". Bidrag til Kundskab om Brasiliens Padder og Krybdyr. Förste Afdeling: Padderne og Öglerne. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn, Serie 2, 3: 143–242.
Reyes-Puig, C., Almendáriz , A., Torres-Carvajal, O. (2017): Diversity, threat, and conservation of reptiles from continental Ecuador. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 11: 51—58 Reyes-Puig, C., Bittencourt-Silva, G.B., Torres-Sánchez, M., Wilkinson, M., Streicher, J.W., Maddock, S.T., Kotharambath, R., Müller, H., Angiolani Larrea, F.N., Almeida-Reinoso, D., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Ron, S.R. (2019a): Rediscovery of the Endangered Carchi Andean toad, Rhaebo colomai (Hoogmoed, 1985), in Ecuador, with comments on its conservation status and extinction risk. Check List 15: 415–419.
Reyes-Puig, C., Maynard, R.J., Trageser, S.J., Vieira, J., Hamilton, P.S., Lynch, R., Culebras, J., Kohn, S., Brito, J., Guayasamin, J.M. (2020a): A new species of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Río Manduriacu Reserve on the Pacific slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes. Neotropical Biodiversity 6: 162–171.
Reyes-Puig, C., Pablo Reyes-Puig, J., Velarde-Garcez, D., Dávalos, N., Mancero, E., Navarrete, M., Yanez-Munoz, M., Cisneros-Heredia, D., Ron, R.S. (2019b): A new species of terrestrial frog Pristimantis (Strabomantidae) from the upper basin of the Pastaza River, Ecuador. Zookeys 832: 113–133.
Reyes-Puig, C., Yánez-Muñoz, M.H., Ortega, J.A., Ron, S.R. (2020b): Relaciones filogenéticas del subgénero Hypodictyon (Anura: Strabomantidae: Pristimantis) con la descripción de tres especies nuevas de la región del Chocó. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 91: 1–38.
Reyes-Puig, J.P., Reyes-Puig, C., Ron, S., Ortega, J.A., Guayasamin, J.M., Goodrum, M., Recalde, F., Vieira, J.J., Koch, C., Yanez-Munoz, M.H. (2019c): A new species of terrestrial frog of the genus Noblella Barbour, 1930 (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Llanganates-Sangay Ecological Corridor, Tungurahua, Ecuador. PeerJ 7: e7405.
Reyes-Puig, J.P., Yánez-Muñoz, M.H., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Ramírez-Jaramillo, S.R. (2010): Una nueva especie de rana Pristimantis (Terrarana: Strabomantidae) de los bosques nublados de la cuenca alta del río Pastaza, Ecuador. ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías 2: B72–B82.
Roy, B.A., Zorrilla, M., Endara, L., Thomas, D.C., Vandegrift, R., Rubenstein, J.M., Policha, T., Ríos-Touma, B., Read, M. (2018): New mining concessions could severely decrease biodiversity and ecosystem services in Ecuador. Tropical Conservation Science 11: 1–20.
Sánchez-Nivicela, J.C., Celi-Piedra, E., Posse-Sarmiento, V., Urgiles, V.L., Yánez-Muñoz, M., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F. (2018): A new species of Pristimantis (Anura, Craugastoridae) from the Cajas Massif, southern Ecuador. ZooKeys 751: 113–128.
Santa-Cruz, R., von May, R., Catenazzi, A., Whitcher, C., López Tejeda, E., Rabosky, D. (2019): A New Species of Terrestrial-Breeding Frog (Amphibia, Strabomantidae, Noblella) from the Upper Madre De Dios Watershed, Amazonian Andes and Lowlands of Southern Peru. Diversity 11:1–20.
Scherz, M.D., Hawlitschek, O., Andreone, F., Rakotoarison, A., Vences, M., Glaw, F. (2017): A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists. Zootaxa 4273: 301–340.
Suwannapoom, C., Sumontha, M., Tunprasert, J., Ruangsuwan, T., Pawangkhanant, P., Korost, D.V., Poyarkov, N.A. (2018): A striking new genus and species of cave-dwelling frog (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae: Asterophryinae) from Thailand. PeerJ 6: e4422.
Swofford, D.L., Olsen, G.J., Waddell, P.J., Hillis, D.M. (1996): Phylogenetic inference. In: Molecular Systematics, pp. 407–514. Hillis, D.M., Moritz, C., Mable, B.K., Eds, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
Terán-Valdez, A., Guayasamin, J.M. (2009): The smallest terrestrial vertebrate of Ecuador: A new frog of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera del Cóndor. Zootaxa 2447:53–68.
Torres-Carvajal, O., Lobos, S.E. (2014): A new species of Alopoglossus lizard (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the tropical Andes, with a molecular phylogeny of the genus. Zookeys 410: 105–120.
Trueb, L. (1973): Bones, frogs, and evolution. In: Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems,Vial, J.L., Ed, University of Missouri Press., Columbia, USA.
Welford, M.R., Yarbrough, R.A. (2015): Serendipitous conservation: Impacts of oil pipeline construction in rural northwestern Ecuador. The Extractive Industries and Soceity 2: 766–774.
Yánez-Muñoz, M.H., Altamirano-Benavides, M., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Gluesenkamp, A.G. (2010a): Nueva especie de sapo andino del género Osornophryne (Amphibia: Bufonidae) del norte de Ecuador, con notas sobre la diversidad del género en Colombia. ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías 2:B46–B53.
Yánez-Muñoz, M.H., Meza-Ramos, P.A., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Reyes-Puig, J.P. (2010b): Descripción de tres nuevas especies de ranas del género Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Strabomantidae) de los bosques nublados del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito. ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías 2: B16–B27.
Yánez-Muñoz, M.H., Reyes-Puig, C., Reyes-Puig, J.P., Velasco, J.A., Ayala-Varela, F., Torres-Carvajal, O. (2018): A new cryptic species of Anolis lizard from northwestern South America (Iguanidae, Dactyloinae). Zookeys 794: 135–163.
Yanez-Muñoz, M.H., Veintimilla-Yanez, D., Batallas, D., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F. (2019): A new giant Pristimantis (Anura, Craugastoridae) from the paramos of the Podocarpus National Park, southern Ecuador. Zookeys 852: 137–156.
Zwickl, D.J. (2006): GARLI: genetic algorithm for rapid likelihood inference. In, Texas USA.
Almendáriz, A., Brito, J., Batallas, D., Ron, S. (2014): Una especie nueva de rana arbórea del género Hyloscirtus (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) de la Cordillera del Cóndor. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 54: 33–49.
Arteaga-Navarro, A.F., Bustamante, L., Guayasamin, J.M. (2013): The Amphibians and Reptiles of Mindo. Life in the Cloudforest. In: vol. 1, pp. 1–257. Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica.
Arteaga, A., Bustamante, L., Guayasamin, J.M. (2013): The amphibians and reptiles of Mindo: life in the Cloudforest. Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito.
Barbour, T. (1930): A list of Antillean reptiles and amphibians. Zoologica 11: 61–116.
Beaupre, S.J., Jacobson, E.R., Lillywhite, H.B., Zamudio, K. (2004): Guidelines for use of live amphibians and reptiles in field and laboratory research. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Lawrence.
Barrio-Amorón, C.L., Costales, M., Vieira, J., Osterman, E., Kaiser, H., Arteaga, A. (2020): Back from extinction: rediscovery of the harlequin toad Atelopus mindoensis Peters, 1973 in Ecuador. Herpetological Notes 13: 325–328.
Betancourt, R., Reyes-Puig, C., Lobos, S.E., Yánez-Muñoz, M.H., Torres-Carvajal, O. (2018): Sistemática de los saurios Anadia Gray, 1845 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) de Ecuador: límite de especies, distribución geográfica y descripción de una especie nueva. Neotropical Biodiversity 4: 83–102.
Castellanos, A., Laguna, A., Clifford, S. (2011): Suggestions for mitigating cattle depredation and resulting human-bear conflicts in Ecuador. International Bear News 20: 16–18.
Catenazzi, A., Ttito, A. (2019): Noblella thiuni sp. n., a new (singleton) species of minute terrestrial-breeding frog (Amphibia, Anura, Strabomantidae) from the montane forest of the Amazonian Andes of Puno, Peru. PeerJ 7: e6780.
Catenazzi, A., Uscapi, V., von May, R. (2015): A new species of Noblella (Amphibia, Anura, Craugastoridae) from the humid montane forests of Cusco, Peru. Zookeys 516: 71–84.
Catenazzi, A., L. Mamani, E. Lehr, and R. von May. 2020. A new genus of terrestrial-breeding frogs (Holoadeninae, Strabomantidae, Terrarana) from southern Peru. Diversity 12 (184): 1–17
Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Ryenolds, R.P. (2007): New records of Phyllonastes Heyer, 1977 from Ecuador and Peru. Herpetozoa 19: 184–186.
Cisneros-Heredia, D. F., Gluesenkamp, A. G. (2010). A new Andean toad of the genus Osor‑nophryne (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) from northwestern Ecuador, with taxonomic remarks on the genus. ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías 2: B64-B73.Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Yanez-Munoz, M.H. (2010): A new poison frog of the genus Epipedobates (Dendrobatoidea: Dendrobatidae) from the north-western Andes of Ecuador. Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías 2: 83–86.
Cope, E. (1862): On some new and little known American Anura. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 14: 151–159.
Cuesta, F., Peralvo, M., Merino-Viteri, A., Bustamante, M., Baquero, F., Freile, J.F., Muriel, P., Torres-Carvajal, O. (2017): Priority areas for biodiversity conservation in mainland Ecuador. Neotropical Biodiversity 3: 93–106.
De la Riva, I., Chaparro, J.C., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Padial, J.M. (2017): Underestimated anuran radiations in the high Andes: five new species and a new genus of Holoadeninae, and their phylogenetic relationships (Anura: Craugastoridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 182: 129–172.
De La Riva, I., Chaparro, J.C., Padial, J.M. (2008): The taxonomic status of Phyllonastes Heyer and Phrynopus peruvianus (Noble) (Lissamphibia, Anura): resurrection of Noblella Barbour. Zootaxa 1685: 67–68.
De la Riva, I., Köhler, J. (1998): A New minute Leptodactylid frog, Genus Phyllonastes, from humid montane forests of Bolivia. Journal of Herpetology 32: 325.
De Queiroz, K. (2005): Ernst Mayr and the modern concept of species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102: 6600–6607.
De Queiroz, K. (2007): Species concepts and species delimitation. Systematic Biology 56: 879–886.
Duellman, W.E. (1988): Patterns of species diversity in anuran amphibians in the American tropics. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: 79–104.
Duellman, W.E. (1991): A new species of leptodactylid frog, genus Phyllonastes, from Peru. Herpetologica 47: 9–13.
Duellman, W.E., Lehr, E. (2009): Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Nature und Tier Verlag, Münster, Germany.
Duellman, W.E., Trueb, L. (1994): Biology of Amphibians. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.
Fabrezi, M., Alberch, P. (1996): The carpal elements of anurans. Herpetologica 32: 188–204.
Frost, D.R. (2020): Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. In, vol. 2020, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
Goin, C. J., and D. M. Cochran. 1963. Two new genera of leptodactylid frogs from Colombia. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th Series 31: 499–505.
Guayasamin, J.M., Arteaga, A., Hutter, C.R. (2018): A new (singleton) rainfrog of the Pristimantis myersi Group (Amphibia: Craugastoridae) from the northern Andes of Ecuador. Zootaxa 4527: 323–334.
Guayasamin, J.M., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Maynard, R.J., Lynch, R.L., Culebras, J., Hamilton, P.S. (2017a): A marvelous new glassfrog (Centrolenidae, Hyalinobatrachium) from Amazonian Ecuador. Zookeys 673: 1–20.
Guayasamin, J.M., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Vieira, J., Kohn, S., Gavilanes, G., Lynch, R.L., Hamilton, P.S., Maynard, R.J. (2019): A new glassfrog (Centrolenidae) from the Choco-Andean Rio Manduriacu Reserve, Ecuador, endangered by mining. PeerJ 7: e6400.
Guayasamin, J.M., Terán-Valdez, A. (2009): A new species of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the western slopes of the Andes of Ecuador. Zootaxa 2161: 47–59.
Guayasamin, O.L., Couzin, I.D., Miller, N.Y. (2017b): Behavioural plasticity across social contexts is regulated by the directionality of inter-individual differences. Behav Processes 141: 196–204.
Guayasamin, J.M., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., McDiarmid, R.W., Peña, P., Hutter, C.R. (2020): Glassfrog of Ecuador: diversity, evolution, and conservation. Diversity 12 (222): 1–285 (doi:10.3390/d12060222)
Jiménez de la Espada, M. 1872. Nuevos batrácios Americanos. Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid 1: 84–88.
Jiménez de la Espada, M. 1870. Fauna neotropicalis species quaedam nondum cognitae. Jornal de Sciências, Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes. Lisboa 3: 57–65.
Harvey, M., Almendariz, A., Brito, J., Batallas, D. (2013): A new species of Noblella (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes with comments on Noblella lochites (Lynch). Zootaxa 3635: 1–14.
Hedges, S.B., Duellman, W.E., Heinicke, M.P. (2008): New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa 1737:1–182.
Heinicke, M.P., Duellman, W.E., Hedges, S.B. (2007): Major Caribbean and Central American frog faunas originated by ancient oceanic dispersal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 10092–10097.
Heinicke, M.P., Lemmon, A.R., Lemmon, E.M., McGrath, K., Hedges, S.B. (2018): Phylogenomic support for evolutionary relationships of New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terraranae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 118: 145–155.
Heyer, W. (1969): Studies on the genus Leptodactylus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) III. A redefinition of the genus Leptodactylus and a description of a new genus of leptodactylid frogs. Contributions in Science. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 155: 1–14.
Hillman, S.S., Drewes, R.C., Hedrick, M.S., Hancock, T.V. (2014): Physiological vagility: correlations with dispersal and population genetic structure of amphibians. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 87: 105–112.
Hutter, C.R., Guayasamin, J.M. (2015): Cryptic diversity concealed in the Andean cloud forests: two new species of rainfrogs (Pristimantis) uncovered by molecular and bioacoustic data. Neotropical Biodiversity 1: 36–59.
Hutter, C.R., Guayasamin, J.M., Wiens, J.J. (2013): Explaining Andean megadiversity: the evolutionary and ecological causes of glassfrog elevational richness patterns. Ecol Lett 16: 1135–1144.
Hutter, C.R., Lambert, S.M., Wiens, J.J. (2017): Rapid diversification and time explain amphibian richness at different scales in the Tropical Andes, Earth’s most biodiverse hotspot. The American Naturalist 190: 828–843.
INHAMI. (2020): Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología. In, Gobierno de la República de Ecuador.
Köhler, J. (2000): A new species of Phyllonastes Heyer from the Chapare region of Bolivia, with notes on Phyllonastes carrascoicola. Spixiana 23: 47–53.
Lehr, E., Aguilar, C., Lundberg, M.A. (2004): A New species of Phyllonastes from Peru (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae). Journal of Herpetology 38: 214–218.
Lehr, E., Catenazzi, A. (2009): A New species of minute Noblella (Anura: Strabomantidae) from southern Peru: The smallest frog of the Andes. Copeia 2009: 148–156.
Lessmann, J.; Muñoz, J.; Bonaccorso, E. (2014): Maximizing species conservation in continental Ecuador: A case of systematic conservation planning for biodiverse regions. Ecol. Evol. 2014, 4, 2410–2422.
Lessmann, J., Troya, M.J., Flecker, A.S., Funk, W.C., Guayasamin, J.M., Ochoa-Herrera, V., Poff, N.L., Suarez, E., Encalada, A.C. (2019): Validating anthropogenic threat maps as a tool for assessing river ecological integrity in Andean-Amazon basins. PeerJ 7: e8060.
Lips, K.R., Reaser, J.K., Young, B.E. (2001): Amphibian monitoring in Latin America: A protocol manual.
Lynch, J. (1986): New species of minute Leptodactylid frogs from the Andes of Ecuador and Peru. Journal of Herpetology 20: 423.
Lynch, J.D. (1976a): New species of frogs (Leptodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus) from the Pacific versant of Ecuador. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 55: 1–33.
Lynch, J.D. (1976b): Two new species of frogs of the genus Euparkerella (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from Ecuador and Perú. Herpetologica 32: 48–53.
Lynch, J.D., Duellman, W.E. (1997): Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylidae) in western Ecuador: Systematic, ecology, and biogeography. Natural History Museum of Kansas University of Kansas.
Maddison, D.R., Maddison, W.P. (2005): MacClade 4. In, Sinauer Sunderland Massachusetts USA.
MECN. (2009): Ecosistemas del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito (DMQ).
Miranda-Ribeiro, A. de. 1920. Algumas consideracões sobre Holoaden lüderwaldti e generos correlatos. Revista do Museu Paulista. São Paulo 12: 319–320.
Mueses-Cisneros, J.J., Yánez-Muñoz, M.H., Guayasamin, J.M. (2010): Una nueva especie de sapo del género Osornophryne (Anura: Bufonidae) de las estribaciones amazónicas de los Andes de Ecuador. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 50: 269–279.
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, Jennifer Kent, J. (2000): Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853–858.
Noble, G.K. (1921): Five new species of Salientia from South America. American Museum Novitates 29: 1–7.
Páez-Moscoso, D. J., Guayasamin, J.M. (2012): Species limits in the Andean toad genus Osornophryne (Bufonidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65:805–822.
Paez, N.B., Ron, S.R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. Zookeys 868: 1–112.
Peñafiel, N., Flores, D.M., Rivero De Aguilar, J., Guayasamin, J.M., Bonaccorso, E. (2019): A cost-effective protocol for total DNA isolation from animal tissue. Neotropical Biodiversity 5: 69–74.
Peters, W. C. H. 1873. Über zwei Gisftschlangen aus Afrika und über neue oder weniger bekannte Gattungen und Arten von Batrachiern. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1873: 411–418.
Reinhardt, J. T., and C. F. Lütken. 1862 "1861". Bidrag til Kundskab om Brasiliens Padder og Krybdyr. Förste Afdeling: Padderne og Öglerne. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn, Serie 2, 3: 143–242.
Reyes-Puig, C., Almendáriz , A., Torres-Carvajal, O. (2017): Diversity, threat, and conservation of reptiles from continental Ecuador. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 11: 51—58 Reyes-Puig, C., Bittencourt-Silva, G.B., Torres-Sánchez, M., Wilkinson, M., Streicher, J.W., Maddock, S.T., Kotharambath, R., Müller, H., Angiolani Larrea, F.N., Almeida-Reinoso, D., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Ron, S.R. (2019a): Rediscovery of the Endangered Carchi Andean toad, Rhaebo colomai (Hoogmoed, 1985), in Ecuador, with comments on its conservation status and extinction risk. Check List 15: 415–419.
Reyes-Puig, C., Maynard, R.J., Trageser, S.J., Vieira, J., Hamilton, P.S., Lynch, R., Culebras, J., Kohn, S., Brito, J., Guayasamin, J.M. (2020a): A new species of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Río Manduriacu Reserve on the Pacific slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes. Neotropical Biodiversity 6: 162–171.
Reyes-Puig, C., Pablo Reyes-Puig, J., Velarde-Garcez, D., Dávalos, N., Mancero, E., Navarrete, M., Yanez-Munoz, M., Cisneros-Heredia, D., Ron, R.S. (2019b): A new species of terrestrial frog Pristimantis (Strabomantidae) from the upper basin of the Pastaza River, Ecuador. Zookeys 832: 113–133.
Reyes-Puig, C., Yánez-Muñoz, M.H., Ortega, J.A., Ron, S.R. (2020b): Relaciones filogenéticas del subgénero Hypodictyon (Anura: Strabomantidae: Pristimantis) con la descripción de tres especies nuevas de la región del Chocó. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 91: 1–38.
Reyes-Puig, J.P., Reyes-Puig, C., Ron, S., Ortega, J.A., Guayasamin, J.M., Goodrum, M., Recalde, F., Vieira, J.J., Koch, C., Yanez-Munoz, M.H. (2019c): A new species of terrestrial frog of the genus Noblella Barbour, 1930 (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Llanganates-Sangay Ecological Corridor, Tungurahua, Ecuador. PeerJ 7: e7405.
Reyes-Puig, J.P., Yánez-Muñoz, M.H., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Ramírez-Jaramillo, S.R. (2010): Una nueva especie de rana Pristimantis (Terrarana: Strabomantidae) de los bosques nublados de la cuenca alta del río Pastaza, Ecuador. ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías 2: B72–B82.
Roy, B.A., Zorrilla, M., Endara, L., Thomas, D.C., Vandegrift, R., Rubenstein, J.M., Policha, T., Ríos-Touma, B., Read, M. (2018): New mining concessions could severely decrease biodiversity and ecosystem services in Ecuador. Tropical Conservation Science 11: 1–20.
Sánchez-Nivicela, J.C., Celi-Piedra, E., Posse-Sarmiento, V., Urgiles, V.L., Yánez-Muñoz, M., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F. (2018): A new species of Pristimantis (Anura, Craugastoridae) from the Cajas Massif, southern Ecuador. ZooKeys 751: 113–128.
Santa-Cruz, R., von May, R., Catenazzi, A., Whitcher, C., López Tejeda, E., Rabosky, D. (2019): A New Species of Terrestrial-Breeding Frog (Amphibia, Strabomantidae, Noblella) from the Upper Madre De Dios Watershed, Amazonian Andes and Lowlands of Southern Peru. Diversity 11:1–20.
Scherz, M.D., Hawlitschek, O., Andreone, F., Rakotoarison, A., Vences, M., Glaw, F. (2017): A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists. Zootaxa 4273: 301–340.
Suwannapoom, C., Sumontha, M., Tunprasert, J., Ruangsuwan, T., Pawangkhanant, P., Korost, D.V., Poyarkov, N.A. (2018): A striking new genus and species of cave-dwelling frog (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae: Asterophryinae) from Thailand. PeerJ 6: e4422.
Swofford, D.L., Olsen, G.J., Waddell, P.J., Hillis, D.M. (1996): Phylogenetic inference. In: Molecular Systematics, pp. 407–514. Hillis, D.M., Moritz, C., Mable, B.K., Eds, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
Terán-Valdez, A., Guayasamin, J.M. (2009): The smallest terrestrial vertebrate of Ecuador: A new frog of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera del Cóndor. Zootaxa 2447:53–68.
Torres-Carvajal, O., Lobos, S.E. (2014): A new species of Alopoglossus lizard (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the tropical Andes, with a molecular phylogeny of the genus. Zookeys 410: 105–120.
Trueb, L. (1973): Bones, frogs, and evolution. In: Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems,Vial, J.L., Ed, University of Missouri Press., Columbia, USA.
Welford, M.R., Yarbrough, R.A. (2015): Serendipitous conservation: Impacts of oil pipeline construction in rural northwestern Ecuador. The Extractive Industries and Soceity 2: 766–774.
Yánez-Muñoz, M.H., Altamirano-Benavides, M., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Gluesenkamp, A.G. (2010a): Nueva especie de sapo andino del género Osornophryne (Amphibia: Bufonidae) del norte de Ecuador, con notas sobre la diversidad del género en Colombia. ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías 2:B46–B53.
Yánez-Muñoz, M.H., Meza-Ramos, P.A., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Reyes-Puig, J.P. (2010b): Descripción de tres nuevas especies de ranas del género Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Strabomantidae) de los bosques nublados del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito. ACI Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías 2: B16–B27.
Yánez-Muñoz, M.H., Reyes-Puig, C., Reyes-Puig, J.P., Velasco, J.A., Ayala-Varela, F., Torres-Carvajal, O. (2018): A new cryptic species of Anolis lizard from northwestern South America (Iguanidae, Dactyloinae). Zookeys 794: 135–163.
Yanez-Muñoz, M.H., Veintimilla-Yanez, D., Batallas, D., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F. (2019): A new giant Pristimantis (Anura, Craugastoridae) from the paramos of the Podocarpus National Park, southern Ecuador. Zookeys 852: 137–156.
Zwickl, D.J. (2006): GARLI: genetic algorithm for rapid likelihood inference. In, Texas USA.