Articles
A Temporal variation in diet and helminth abundance in the spiny-tailed lizard, Strobilurus torquatus Wiegmann, 1834 (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Published 2023-12-27
Keywords
- Brazil,
- Endoparasites,
- Nematode,
- Seasonality,
- Trematoda
How to Cite
Dias Silva, G., Martins Teixeira, A. A., Dellefrate Franzini, L., Oliveira Mesquita, D., & Vieira Brito, S. (2023). A Temporal variation in diet and helminth abundance in the spiny-tailed lizard, Strobilurus torquatus Wiegmann, 1834 (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Acta Herpetologica, 18(2), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.36253/a_h-13767
Copyright (c) 2023 Adonias A. Martins Teixeira, Giovana Dias Silva, Lissa Dellefrate Franzini, Daniel Oliveira Mesquita, Samuel Vieira Brito
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Funding data
-
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Grant numbers AAMT (PDCTR/FAPEMA 301692/2021-1) -
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Grant numbers DOM (306541/2017-3) -
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão
Grant numbers BM 01108/20 protocol no. 96453/2020) -
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão
Grant numbers BM 01108/20 protocol no. 96453/2020)
Abstract
Spatial and temporal variations can influence the abundance and biology of parasite species and even the transmission process, as well as the diet, reproduction and distribution of hosts. We studied the influence of seasonality on the diet and endoparasites of the lizard Strobilurus torquatus. The lizards were collected during a period of one year, in the Engenho Gargaú Private Reserve of Natural Heritage, located in the municipality of Santa Rita, in the state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. Thirty-three lizards were analysed, of which 30 were parasitised (overall prevalence of 90%) with the helminths Physaloptera lutzi (prevalence of 69.6%), Spauligodon loboi (51.5%), Strongyluris oscari (15.1%) and Haplometroides odhneri (3.0%). Our analysis showed that endoparasite abundance was influenced by host body size (R2m: 0.95; R2c: 0.95; Z-value: 11.521; P < 0.0001). Host sex also influenced endoparasite abundance, where males were parasitised more than females (Z-value: 6.260; P < 0.001). When comparing the two seasons (dry and rainy), we observed that the greatest endoparasites abundance occurred during the rainy season (Z- value: -2.422; P < 0.05). Regarding the lizards’ diet, we observed a high niche overlap (overlap index of 0.999), which indicates that males and females of S. torquatus consumed practically the same prey during the analysed period. The life cycle of the endoparasites found in S. torquatus was linked to seasonal variation, and the behavioural and physiological differences between sexes may have influenced the variations in endoparasite abundance.
Metrics
Metrics Loading ...
References
Aho, J. M. (1990): Helminth communities of amphibians and reptiles: comparative approaches to understanding patterns and processes. Parasite communities: Patterns and processes.cap.7, pp. 157–196.
Almeida, W. O., Freire E. M. X., Lopes S. G. (2008): A new species of Pentastomida infecting Tropidurus hispidus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from Caatinga in Northeastern Brazil. Braz. J. Biol. 68, pp.199-203.
Altizer, S., Dobson, A., Hosseini, P., Hudson, P., Pascual, M., Rohani, P. (2006): Seasonality and the dynamics of infectious diseases. Ecol. Lett. Apr; 9(4):467-84.
Amorim, D. M ., Ávila, R. W. (2019):Infection patterns of helminths in (Squamata, Dactyloidae) from a humid forest, Northeastern Brazil and their relation with body mass, sex, host size, and season. Helminthol, vol.56, no.2, pp.168-174.
Anderson, R.C. (2000): Nematode parasites of vertebrates: Their development and transmission. 2. ed. Walingford, UK, CABI Publishing, pp. 650.
Anjos, L. A., Ávila, R., Ribeiro, S., Almeida, W., Da Silva, R. (2012): Gastrointestinal nematodes of the lizard Tropidurus hispidus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from a semi-arid region of north-eastern Brazil. J. Helminthol., 87(04), pp.443–449.
Araujo-Filho, J. A., Brito, S.V., Lima, V. F., Pereira, A. M. A., Mesquita, D. O., Albuquerque, R. L., Almeida, W. O. (2016): Influence of temporal variation and host condition on helminth abundance in the lizard Tropidurus hispidus from north-eastern Brazil.J. Helminthol. 91(3),pp. 312–319.
Araujo-Filho, J.A., Teixeira, A., Teles, D. A., Rocha, S. M., Almeida, W. O., Mesquita, D. O., Lacerda, A. (2020): Using lizards to evaluate the influence of average abundance on the variance of endoparasites in semiarid areas: dispersion and assemblage structure. J. Helminthol. 94, e121, pp.1–12.
Ávila, R. W., Anjos, L. A., Ribeiro, S. C., Morais, D. H., da Silva, R. J., Almeida, W. O. (2012): Nematodes of lizards (Reptila: Squamata) from Caatinga biome, northeastern Brazil. Comp. Parasitol. v.79, p. 56–63.
Bates D., Mächler M., Bolker B. M., Walker S. C. (2014): Fitting linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. 67, 1-48).
Brito, S.V., Ferreira, F. S., Ribeiro, S. C., Anjos, L. A., Almeida, W. O., Mesquita, D. O., Vasconcellos, A.(2014b): Spatial temporal variation of parasites Cnemidophorus ocellifer (Teiidae) and Tropidurus hispidus and Tropidurus semitaeniatus (Tropiduridae) from Caatinga areas in northeastern Brazil. Parasitol. Res. 113(3), pp.1163–1169.
Brito, S.V., Corso, G., Almeida, A. M., Ferreira, F. S., Almeida, W. O., Anjos, L. A., Mesquita, D. O., Vasconcellos, A. (2014a): Phylogeny and microhabitats utilized by lizards determine the composition of their endoparasites in the semiarid Caatinga of northeast Brazil.Parasitol. Res. 113(11),pp. 3963–3972.
Bursey, C. R., Goldberg, S. R., Parmelee, J. R. (2005): Gastrointestinal helminths from 13 species of lizards from Reserva Cuzco Amazônico, Peru.Comp. Parasitol .72:50–68.
Campos, I.H.M.P., Oliveira, C. N., Araújo-Neto, J. V., Brito, S. V., Guarnieri, M. C., Ribeiro, S. C. (2021): Helminth fauna of Norops fuscoauratus (D'Orbigny, 1837) (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in the Atlantic Forest, northeastern Brazil. Braz. J. Biol 82, e241819.
Climate-Data. (2016): Dados climáticos para cidades mundiais. Santa Rita. Available on:https://pt.climate-data.org/america-do-sul/brasil/paraiba/santa-rita-4451/.
Da Silva L. A. F., Manoel, P. S., Uieda, V. S., Ávila, R.W., Da Silva, R.J(2019):.Spatio-temporal variation in diet and its association with parasitic helminths in Ameivula pyrrhogularis (Squamata: Teiidae) from northeast Brazil. Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. 14, pp.325-36.
Esch, G.W.,Hazen, T.C., Aho, J. M. (1977): Parasitism and r- and k-selection. In: Esch GW (ed) Regulation of parasite populations. Academic Press INC, pp. 9–62.
Folstad, I & Karter A. J. (1992). Parasites, bright males, and the immunocompetence handicap. Am.Nat.139:603-622
Fontes, A. F., Vicente, J. J., Kiefer, M. C., Van Sluys, M. (2003): Parasitism by Helminths in Eurolophosaurus nanuzae (Lacertilia: Tropiduridae) in an Area of Rocky Outcrops in Minas Gerais State, Southeastern Brazil. J. Herpetol. 37(4), pp.736-741.
Frost, D.R., Rodrigues, M. T., Grant, T., Titus, T. A.(2001): Phylogenetics of the Lizard Genus Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae: Tropidurinae): Direct Optimization, Descriptive Efficiency, and Sensitivity Analysis of Congruence Between Molecular Data and Morphology. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.21 (3),pp.352-371.
Galdino, C.A.B., Ávila, R. W., Bezerra, C. H., Passos, D. C., Melo, G. C., Zanchi-Silva, D.(2014): Helminths infection patterns in a lizard (Tropidurus hispidus) population from a semiarid Neotropical area: associations between female reproductive allocation and parasite loads. J. Parasitol.100, pp.864–867.
Gambhir, R.K., Oinam, S., Lakshmipyari, W. (2012): Seasonal dynamics of Thelandros maplestonei infections in the wall lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis in Imphal Valley, Manipur, India.J. Parasit. Dis. 37(2), pp.192–195.
Goldberg, S. R., Bursey, C. R. (1989): Physaloptera retusa (Nematoda, Physalopteridae) in naturally infected Sagebrush Lizards, Sceloporus graciosus (Iguanidae). J. Wildl. Dis. 25. pp.425– 429.
Hamann, M.I., Kehr A.I., González C.E. (2012): Communitystructure of Helminth Parasites of Leptodactylus bufonius (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Northeastern Argentina. Zool. Stud. 51 (8):1454-1463
ICMBio. (1994):Sistema Informatizado de Monitoria de RPPN. Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural-RPPN: RPPN Engenho Gargaú. Available on: https://sistemas.icmbio.gov.br/simrppn/publico/detalhe/642/
Isaac, A, Guidelli G.M., Takemoto R.M., Pavanelli G.C. (2000): Prosthenhystera obesa (Digenea), parasite of Salminus maxillosus (Characidae) of the floodplain of the upper Paraná river, Paraná, Brazil: influence of the size and sex of host. Acta.Sci. Biol. Sci 22(2):523–526.
Korallo, N. P., Vinarski, M.V., Krasnov, B.R., Shenbrot, G.I., Mouillot, D., Poulin, R. (2007): Are there general rules governing parasite diversity? Small mammalian hosts and gamasid mite assemblages.Divers. Distrib. 13(3), pp. 353–360.
Lafferty, K. D., Kuris, A. M. (2005): Parasitism and environmental disturbances. Parasitism and ecosystems, pp.113-123.
Lima, V. F., Brito, S. V., Araujo-Filho, J. A., Teles, D. A., Ribeiro, S. C., Teixeira, A. A. M., Pereira, A. M. A., Almeida, W. O.(2017): Helminth parasites of Phyllodactylidae and Gekkonidae lizards in a Caatinga ecological station, northeastern Brazil. Biota. Neotrop . 17(4): e20160263.
Lima-Silva, T., Xavier, M. A., Carvalho, G.D.S., Anjos, L. A., Machado, I. (2021): Parasites of the lizard Strobilurus torquatus Wiegmann, 1834 in Northeastern Brazil (Squamata: Tropiduridae). Herpetol. Notes. v. 14, pp. 769-771.
Miranda, J.P., Andrade, G. V. (2003): Seasonality in Diet, Perch Use, and Reproduction of the Gecko Gonatodes humeralis from Eastern Brazilian Amazon. J. Herpetol. 37(2), pp.433-438.
Morand, S. (2000): Wormy world: comparative tests of theoretical hypotheses on parasite species richness.In: Poulin R, Morand S, Skorping A (eds.) Evolutionary Biology of Host-Parasite Relationships: Theory MeetsReality, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 63–79.
Noble, A. G. (1966): Stress and parasitism. III. Reduced night temperature and the effect on pinworms of ground squirrels. Exp. Parasitol.18(1), pp. 61–62.
Oliveira, B. H. S., Teixeira A. A. M., Queiroz R. N. M., Araujo Filho J. A., Teles D. A., Brito S. V.,Mesquita D. O. (2017): Nematodes infecting Anotosaura vanzolinia (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Caatinga, northeastern Brazil. Acta Herpetol .12, 103-8.
Pereira, F.B., Sousa, B.M. Lima, S.S. (2012): Helminth community structure of Tropidurus torquatus (Squamata: Tropidurus) in a rocky outcrop area of Minas Gerais state, Southeastern Brazil. J. Parasitol. 98, pp. 6–10.
Pianka, R. E. (1986): Ecology and natural history of desert lizards. Princeton Uni.Press, Princeton, NJ,
Poulin, R. (1996). Sexual Inequalities in Helminth Infections: A Cost of Being a Male?. Am. Nat. ., 147(2),pp. 287–295.
Poulin, R. (2004): Macroecological patterns of species richness in parasite assemblages. Basic and Applied Ecology 5, pp.423–434.
Poulin, R., Guilhaumon, F., Randhawa, H. S., Luque, J. L., Mouillot, D. (2011): Identifying hotspots of parasite diversity from species-area relationships: host phylogeny versus host ecology. Oikos, 120(5), 740–747.
R Core Team. (2018): R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
Ribeiro, L. B., Freire, E. M. X. (2011): Trophic ecology and foraging behavior of Tropidurus hispidus and Tropidurus semitaeniatus (Squamata, Tropiduridae) in a Caatinga area of northeastern Brazil. Iheringia. Sér. Zool. 101(3), pp.225–232.
Rodrigues, K. et al. (2013):Strobilurus torquatus Wiegmann, 1834 (Squamata: Tropiduridae): new records from the Brazilian state of Paraíba and a geographic distribution map. Check List.9 (3), pp.614-617.
Rodrigues, M.T., Yassuda, Y.Y., Kasahara, S. (1989): Notes on the ecology and karyotypic description of Strobilurus torquatus (Sauria, Iguanidae). Rev. Bras.de Gen. 12(4),pp.747–759.
Salkeld, J.D., Trivedi, M., Schwarzkop, F. L.( 2008): Parasite loads are higher in the tropics: temperate to tropical variation in a single host-parasite system. Ecography, 31(4), pp.538–544.
Salles, R. O. L., Silveira, A. L. (2010): Primeiro Registro de Strobilurus torquatus Wiegmann, 1834 (Reptilia, Squamata, Tropiduridae) no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Evo. Cons.Bio. 1 (1),pp.13.
Santos, K.R., Barrella, T.H., Zica, E.O.P., Silva, R.J. (2008): New Digenea, Plagiorchiidae) infecting Leptotyphlops koppesi (Serpentes, Leptotyphlopidae). Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., 57, 267 – 269.
Silva, R.J., Barrella, T.H. (2002): Micrurus frontalis as a new host recorded for Haplometroides odhneri (Trematoda, Digenea, Plagiorchiidae). Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet., 11: 47 – 48
Simpson, E.H. (1949): Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163, 688.
Sousa, B. M., Oliveira, A., Lima, S. S. (2007): Gastrointestinal helminth fauna of Enyalius perditus (Reptilia: Leiosauridae): relation to host age and sex. J. Parasitol , 93(1), pp.211–213.
Stromberg, B.E. (1997): Environmental factors influencing transmission.Vet. Parasitol. 72(3-4), pp.247–264.
Teixeira A. A. M., Sampaio N. K. S., Araujo-Filho J. A., Teles D. A., Almeida W. O., Mesquita D. O., Brito S. V. (2021):Parasitic infection patterns in Coleodactylus meridionalis (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) from Atlantic Forest fragments, northeast of the Neotropical Region. Helminthologia 58, 356-63.
Teixeira, A.A.M., Riul, P., Brito, S. V., Araujo-Filho, J. A., Teles, D. A., Almeida, W. O., Mesquita, D. O.(2020):Ecological release in lizard endoparasites from the Atlantic Forest, northeast of the Neotropical Region. Parasitology. 147, pp.491–500.
Teixeira, A.A.M., Silva, R. J., Brito, S. V., Teles, D. A., Araujo-Filho, J. A., Franzini, L.D., Santana, D. O., Almeida, W. O., Mesquita, D. O. (2018): Helminths Infecting Dryadosaura nordestina (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Atlantic Forest, Northeastern Brazil. Helminthologia, 55(4), pp.286–291.
Teixeira A. A. M., Brito S. V., Teles D. A., Ribeiro S. C., Araujo-Filho J. A., Lima V. F., Pereira A. M. A., Almeida W. O. (2017): Helminths of the Lizard Salvator merianae (Squamata, Teiidae) in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil. Braz. J. Biol. 77, 312-7.
Torres-Carvajal, O. (2004): The abdominal skeleton of tropidurid lizards (Squamata: Tropiduridae). Herpetologica.60(1): pp.75–83.
Uetz, P., Freed, P., Aguilar, R., Hošek, J. (2021): The Reptile Database. Disponível em: http://www.reptile-database.org.Last accessed on 03 de May, 2021.
Vasconcellos, A., Andreazze, R., Almeida, A. M., Araújo, H. F. P., Oliveira ,E. S., Oliveira U.(2010): Seasonality of insects in the semi-arid Caatinga of northeastern Brasil. Rev. Bras. Entomol .54(3):471-476
Almeida, W. O., Freire E. M. X., Lopes S. G. (2008): A new species of Pentastomida infecting Tropidurus hispidus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from Caatinga in Northeastern Brazil. Braz. J. Biol. 68, pp.199-203.
Altizer, S., Dobson, A., Hosseini, P., Hudson, P., Pascual, M., Rohani, P. (2006): Seasonality and the dynamics of infectious diseases. Ecol. Lett. Apr; 9(4):467-84.
Amorim, D. M ., Ávila, R. W. (2019):Infection patterns of helminths in (Squamata, Dactyloidae) from a humid forest, Northeastern Brazil and their relation with body mass, sex, host size, and season. Helminthol, vol.56, no.2, pp.168-174.
Anderson, R.C. (2000): Nematode parasites of vertebrates: Their development and transmission. 2. ed. Walingford, UK, CABI Publishing, pp. 650.
Anjos, L. A., Ávila, R., Ribeiro, S., Almeida, W., Da Silva, R. (2012): Gastrointestinal nematodes of the lizard Tropidurus hispidus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from a semi-arid region of north-eastern Brazil. J. Helminthol., 87(04), pp.443–449.
Araujo-Filho, J. A., Brito, S.V., Lima, V. F., Pereira, A. M. A., Mesquita, D. O., Albuquerque, R. L., Almeida, W. O. (2016): Influence of temporal variation and host condition on helminth abundance in the lizard Tropidurus hispidus from north-eastern Brazil.J. Helminthol. 91(3),pp. 312–319.
Araujo-Filho, J.A., Teixeira, A., Teles, D. A., Rocha, S. M., Almeida, W. O., Mesquita, D. O., Lacerda, A. (2020): Using lizards to evaluate the influence of average abundance on the variance of endoparasites in semiarid areas: dispersion and assemblage structure. J. Helminthol. 94, e121, pp.1–12.
Ávila, R. W., Anjos, L. A., Ribeiro, S. C., Morais, D. H., da Silva, R. J., Almeida, W. O. (2012): Nematodes of lizards (Reptila: Squamata) from Caatinga biome, northeastern Brazil. Comp. Parasitol. v.79, p. 56–63.
Bates D., Mächler M., Bolker B. M., Walker S. C. (2014): Fitting linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. 67, 1-48).
Brito, S.V., Ferreira, F. S., Ribeiro, S. C., Anjos, L. A., Almeida, W. O., Mesquita, D. O., Vasconcellos, A.(2014b): Spatial temporal variation of parasites Cnemidophorus ocellifer (Teiidae) and Tropidurus hispidus and Tropidurus semitaeniatus (Tropiduridae) from Caatinga areas in northeastern Brazil. Parasitol. Res. 113(3), pp.1163–1169.
Brito, S.V., Corso, G., Almeida, A. M., Ferreira, F. S., Almeida, W. O., Anjos, L. A., Mesquita, D. O., Vasconcellos, A. (2014a): Phylogeny and microhabitats utilized by lizards determine the composition of their endoparasites in the semiarid Caatinga of northeast Brazil.Parasitol. Res. 113(11),pp. 3963–3972.
Bursey, C. R., Goldberg, S. R., Parmelee, J. R. (2005): Gastrointestinal helminths from 13 species of lizards from Reserva Cuzco Amazônico, Peru.Comp. Parasitol .72:50–68.
Campos, I.H.M.P., Oliveira, C. N., Araújo-Neto, J. V., Brito, S. V., Guarnieri, M. C., Ribeiro, S. C. (2021): Helminth fauna of Norops fuscoauratus (D'Orbigny, 1837) (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in the Atlantic Forest, northeastern Brazil. Braz. J. Biol 82, e241819.
Climate-Data. (2016): Dados climáticos para cidades mundiais. Santa Rita. Available on:https://pt.climate-data.org/america-do-sul/brasil/paraiba/santa-rita-4451/.
Da Silva L. A. F., Manoel, P. S., Uieda, V. S., Ávila, R.W., Da Silva, R.J(2019):.Spatio-temporal variation in diet and its association with parasitic helminths in Ameivula pyrrhogularis (Squamata: Teiidae) from northeast Brazil. Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. 14, pp.325-36.
Esch, G.W.,Hazen, T.C., Aho, J. M. (1977): Parasitism and r- and k-selection. In: Esch GW (ed) Regulation of parasite populations. Academic Press INC, pp. 9–62.
Folstad, I & Karter A. J. (1992). Parasites, bright males, and the immunocompetence handicap. Am.Nat.139:603-622
Fontes, A. F., Vicente, J. J., Kiefer, M. C., Van Sluys, M. (2003): Parasitism by Helminths in Eurolophosaurus nanuzae (Lacertilia: Tropiduridae) in an Area of Rocky Outcrops in Minas Gerais State, Southeastern Brazil. J. Herpetol. 37(4), pp.736-741.
Frost, D.R., Rodrigues, M. T., Grant, T., Titus, T. A.(2001): Phylogenetics of the Lizard Genus Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae: Tropidurinae): Direct Optimization, Descriptive Efficiency, and Sensitivity Analysis of Congruence Between Molecular Data and Morphology. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.21 (3),pp.352-371.
Galdino, C.A.B., Ávila, R. W., Bezerra, C. H., Passos, D. C., Melo, G. C., Zanchi-Silva, D.(2014): Helminths infection patterns in a lizard (Tropidurus hispidus) population from a semiarid Neotropical area: associations between female reproductive allocation and parasite loads. J. Parasitol.100, pp.864–867.
Gambhir, R.K., Oinam, S., Lakshmipyari, W. (2012): Seasonal dynamics of Thelandros maplestonei infections in the wall lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis in Imphal Valley, Manipur, India.J. Parasit. Dis. 37(2), pp.192–195.
Goldberg, S. R., Bursey, C. R. (1989): Physaloptera retusa (Nematoda, Physalopteridae) in naturally infected Sagebrush Lizards, Sceloporus graciosus (Iguanidae). J. Wildl. Dis. 25. pp.425– 429.
Hamann, M.I., Kehr A.I., González C.E. (2012): Communitystructure of Helminth Parasites of Leptodactylus bufonius (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Northeastern Argentina. Zool. Stud. 51 (8):1454-1463
ICMBio. (1994):Sistema Informatizado de Monitoria de RPPN. Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural-RPPN: RPPN Engenho Gargaú. Available on: https://sistemas.icmbio.gov.br/simrppn/publico/detalhe/642/
Isaac, A, Guidelli G.M., Takemoto R.M., Pavanelli G.C. (2000): Prosthenhystera obesa (Digenea), parasite of Salminus maxillosus (Characidae) of the floodplain of the upper Paraná river, Paraná, Brazil: influence of the size and sex of host. Acta.Sci. Biol. Sci 22(2):523–526.
Korallo, N. P., Vinarski, M.V., Krasnov, B.R., Shenbrot, G.I., Mouillot, D., Poulin, R. (2007): Are there general rules governing parasite diversity? Small mammalian hosts and gamasid mite assemblages.Divers. Distrib. 13(3), pp. 353–360.
Lafferty, K. D., Kuris, A. M. (2005): Parasitism and environmental disturbances. Parasitism and ecosystems, pp.113-123.
Lima, V. F., Brito, S. V., Araujo-Filho, J. A., Teles, D. A., Ribeiro, S. C., Teixeira, A. A. M., Pereira, A. M. A., Almeida, W. O.(2017): Helminth parasites of Phyllodactylidae and Gekkonidae lizards in a Caatinga ecological station, northeastern Brazil. Biota. Neotrop . 17(4): e20160263.
Lima-Silva, T., Xavier, M. A., Carvalho, G.D.S., Anjos, L. A., Machado, I. (2021): Parasites of the lizard Strobilurus torquatus Wiegmann, 1834 in Northeastern Brazil (Squamata: Tropiduridae). Herpetol. Notes. v. 14, pp. 769-771.
Miranda, J.P., Andrade, G. V. (2003): Seasonality in Diet, Perch Use, and Reproduction of the Gecko Gonatodes humeralis from Eastern Brazilian Amazon. J. Herpetol. 37(2), pp.433-438.
Morand, S. (2000): Wormy world: comparative tests of theoretical hypotheses on parasite species richness.In: Poulin R, Morand S, Skorping A (eds.) Evolutionary Biology of Host-Parasite Relationships: Theory MeetsReality, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 63–79.
Noble, A. G. (1966): Stress and parasitism. III. Reduced night temperature and the effect on pinworms of ground squirrels. Exp. Parasitol.18(1), pp. 61–62.
Oliveira, B. H. S., Teixeira A. A. M., Queiroz R. N. M., Araujo Filho J. A., Teles D. A., Brito S. V.,Mesquita D. O. (2017): Nematodes infecting Anotosaura vanzolinia (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Caatinga, northeastern Brazil. Acta Herpetol .12, 103-8.
Pereira, F.B., Sousa, B.M. Lima, S.S. (2012): Helminth community structure of Tropidurus torquatus (Squamata: Tropidurus) in a rocky outcrop area of Minas Gerais state, Southeastern Brazil. J. Parasitol. 98, pp. 6–10.
Pianka, R. E. (1986): Ecology and natural history of desert lizards. Princeton Uni.Press, Princeton, NJ,
Poulin, R. (1996). Sexual Inequalities in Helminth Infections: A Cost of Being a Male?. Am. Nat. ., 147(2),pp. 287–295.
Poulin, R. (2004): Macroecological patterns of species richness in parasite assemblages. Basic and Applied Ecology 5, pp.423–434.
Poulin, R., Guilhaumon, F., Randhawa, H. S., Luque, J. L., Mouillot, D. (2011): Identifying hotspots of parasite diversity from species-area relationships: host phylogeny versus host ecology. Oikos, 120(5), 740–747.
R Core Team. (2018): R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
Ribeiro, L. B., Freire, E. M. X. (2011): Trophic ecology and foraging behavior of Tropidurus hispidus and Tropidurus semitaeniatus (Squamata, Tropiduridae) in a Caatinga area of northeastern Brazil. Iheringia. Sér. Zool. 101(3), pp.225–232.
Rodrigues, K. et al. (2013):Strobilurus torquatus Wiegmann, 1834 (Squamata: Tropiduridae): new records from the Brazilian state of Paraíba and a geographic distribution map. Check List.9 (3), pp.614-617.
Rodrigues, M.T., Yassuda, Y.Y., Kasahara, S. (1989): Notes on the ecology and karyotypic description of Strobilurus torquatus (Sauria, Iguanidae). Rev. Bras.de Gen. 12(4),pp.747–759.
Salkeld, J.D., Trivedi, M., Schwarzkop, F. L.( 2008): Parasite loads are higher in the tropics: temperate to tropical variation in a single host-parasite system. Ecography, 31(4), pp.538–544.
Salles, R. O. L., Silveira, A. L. (2010): Primeiro Registro de Strobilurus torquatus Wiegmann, 1834 (Reptilia, Squamata, Tropiduridae) no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Evo. Cons.Bio. 1 (1),pp.13.
Santos, K.R., Barrella, T.H., Zica, E.O.P., Silva, R.J. (2008): New Digenea, Plagiorchiidae) infecting Leptotyphlops koppesi (Serpentes, Leptotyphlopidae). Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., 57, 267 – 269.
Silva, R.J., Barrella, T.H. (2002): Micrurus frontalis as a new host recorded for Haplometroides odhneri (Trematoda, Digenea, Plagiorchiidae). Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet., 11: 47 – 48
Simpson, E.H. (1949): Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163, 688.
Sousa, B. M., Oliveira, A., Lima, S. S. (2007): Gastrointestinal helminth fauna of Enyalius perditus (Reptilia: Leiosauridae): relation to host age and sex. J. Parasitol , 93(1), pp.211–213.
Stromberg, B.E. (1997): Environmental factors influencing transmission.Vet. Parasitol. 72(3-4), pp.247–264.
Teixeira A. A. M., Sampaio N. K. S., Araujo-Filho J. A., Teles D. A., Almeida W. O., Mesquita D. O., Brito S. V. (2021):Parasitic infection patterns in Coleodactylus meridionalis (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) from Atlantic Forest fragments, northeast of the Neotropical Region. Helminthologia 58, 356-63.
Teixeira, A.A.M., Riul, P., Brito, S. V., Araujo-Filho, J. A., Teles, D. A., Almeida, W. O., Mesquita, D. O.(2020):Ecological release in lizard endoparasites from the Atlantic Forest, northeast of the Neotropical Region. Parasitology. 147, pp.491–500.
Teixeira, A.A.M., Silva, R. J., Brito, S. V., Teles, D. A., Araujo-Filho, J. A., Franzini, L.D., Santana, D. O., Almeida, W. O., Mesquita, D. O. (2018): Helminths Infecting Dryadosaura nordestina (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Atlantic Forest, Northeastern Brazil. Helminthologia, 55(4), pp.286–291.
Teixeira A. A. M., Brito S. V., Teles D. A., Ribeiro S. C., Araujo-Filho J. A., Lima V. F., Pereira A. M. A., Almeida W. O. (2017): Helminths of the Lizard Salvator merianae (Squamata, Teiidae) in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil. Braz. J. Biol. 77, 312-7.
Torres-Carvajal, O. (2004): The abdominal skeleton of tropidurid lizards (Squamata: Tropiduridae). Herpetologica.60(1): pp.75–83.
Uetz, P., Freed, P., Aguilar, R., Hošek, J. (2021): The Reptile Database. Disponível em: http://www.reptile-database.org.Last accessed on 03 de May, 2021.
Vasconcellos, A., Andreazze, R., Almeida, A. M., Araújo, H. F. P., Oliveira ,E. S., Oliveira U.(2010): Seasonality of insects in the semi-arid Caatinga of northeastern Brasil. Rev. Bras. Entomol .54(3):471-476