The potential of digital agriculture start-ups to reshape market dynamics in the ag-input industry: A case study from Argentina
Published 2025-11-25
Keywords
- start-ups,
- digital agriculture,
- innovation,
- industrial organization
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2025 Pablo Mac Clay, Julián Arraigada

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
Agri-food global value chains (GVCs) face growing pressure to enhance productivity and environmental sustainability, with technological innovation playing a critical role. In this context, start-ups have emerged as key innovation developers. This study provides a qualitative, exploratory analysis of the technological characteristics of 114 digital agriculture (DA) start-ups in Argentina. We have characterized their solutions and proposed implications for the industrial dynamics in agricultural input markets. Our analysis implies that most DA innovations tend to be complementary to existing technological packages rather than being disruptive. While these start-ups introduce innovative solutions, they currently seem to hold limited capacity to challenge the market dominance of large multinational agricultural input firms. By exploring the intersection of innovation and market structures, this study provides valuable insights into the evolving industrial dynamics of ag-input markets in agri-food GVCs. The findings offer strategic implications for start-ups, incumbents, and policymakers.
References
- AgFunder. (2024). Global AgriFoodTech Investment Report 2024. AgFunder. agfundernews.com
- Alam, Md. F. B., Tushar, S. R., Zaman, S. Md., Gonzalez, E. D. R. S., Bari, A. B. M. M., & Karmaker, C. L. (2023). Analysis of the drivers of Agriculture 4.0 implementation in the emerging economies: Implications towards sustainability and food security. Green Technologies and Sustainability, 1(2), 100021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grets.2023.100021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grets.2023.100021
- Barrett, C. B., Reardon, T., Swinnen, J., & Zilberman, D. (2022). Agri-food Value Chain Revolutions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Journal of Economic Literature, 60(4), 1316–1377. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201539 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201539
- Basso, B., & Antle, J. (2020). Digital agriculture to design sustainable agricultural systems. Nature Sustainability, 3(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0510-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0510-0
- Bendig, D., Kleine-Stegemann, L., Schulz, C., & Eckardt, D. (2022). The effect of green startup investments on incumbents’ green innovation output. Journal of Cleaner Production, 376, 134316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134316 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134316
- Béné, C. (2022). Why the Great Food Transformation may not happen – A deep-dive into our food systems’ political economy, controversies and politics of evidence. World Development, 154, 105881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105881 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105881
- Berthet, E. T., Hickey, G. M., & Klerkx, L. (2018). Opening design and innovation processes in agriculture: Insights from design and management sciences and future directions. Agricultural Systems, 165, 111–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2018.06.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2018.06.004
- Besanko, D., Dranove, D., Shanley, M., & Schaefer, S. (2012). Economics of Strategy (6th ed.). Wiley.
- Birner, R., Daum, T., & Pray, C. (2021). Who drives the digital revolution in agriculture? A review of supply-side trends, players and challenges. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 43(4), 1260–1285. https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13145 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13145
- Bisang, R., Lachman, J., López, A., Pereyra, M., & Tacsir, E. (2022). Agtech: Startups y nuevas tecnologías digitales para el sector agropecuario: los casos de Argentina y Uruguay. IDB Publications. https://doi.org/10.18235/0004218 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18235/0004218
- Bogers, M., Chesbrough, H., & Moedas, C. (2018). Open Innovation: Research, Practices, and Policies. California Management Review, 60(2), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125617745086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125617745086
- Borbiconi, F. A., Mac Clay, P., Beltramino, C., Méndez, F., Capretto, T., & Feeney, R. (2024). Los productores agropecuarios frente a la revolución tecnológica: Perfiles de adopción en el agro argentino. Reunión Anual de la Asociación Argentina de Economía Agraria (AAEA), Rosario (Argentina).
- Cerutti, N., Lamb, W. F., Crippa, M., Leip, A., Solazzo, E., Tubiello, F. N., & Minx, J. C. (2023). Food system emissions: A review of trends, drivers, and policy approaches, 1990–2018. Environmental Research Letters, 18(7), 074030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acddfd DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acddfd
- Clapp, J. (2021). The problem with growing corporate concentration and power in the global food system. Nature Food, 2(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00297-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00297-7
- Clapp, J. (2022). Concentration and crises: Exploring the deep roots of vulnerability in the global industrial food system. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 0(0), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2022.2129013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2022.2129013
- Clapp, J., & Ruder, S.-L. (2020). Precision Technologies for Agriculture: Digital Farming, Gene-Edited Crops, and the Politics of Sustainability. Global Environmental Politics, 20(3), 49–69. https://doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00566 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00566
- Connolly, A. J., Turner, J., & Potocki, A. D. (2018). IGNITE your corporate innovation: Insights from setting up an ag-tech start-up accelerator. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 21(6), 833–846. https://doi.org/10.22434/IFAMR2017.0089 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22434/IFAMR2017.0089
- Costa, C., Wollenberg, E., Benitez, M., Newman, R., Gardner, N., & Bellone, F. (2022). Roadmap for achieving net-zero emissions in global food systems by 2050. Scientific Reports, 12(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18601-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18601-1
- Crippa, M., Solazzo, E., Guizzardi, D., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Tubiello, F. N., & Leip, A. (2021). Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nature Food, 2(3), 198–209. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00225-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00225-9
- Dalle, J.-M., den Besten, M., & Menon, C. (2017). Using Crunchbase for economic and managerial research (OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers No. 2017/08; OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, Vol. 2017/08). https://doi.org/10.1787/6c418d60-en
- Deconinck, K. (2020). Concentration in Seed and Biotech Markets: Extent, Causes, and Impacts. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 12(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-102319-100751 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-102319-100751
- Dosi, G., Piva, M., Virgillito, M. E., & Vivarelli, M. (2021). Embodied and disembodied technological change: The sectoral patterns of job-creation and job-destruction. Research Policy, 50(4), 104199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104199 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104199
- Dushnitsky, G., & Lenox, M. J. (2005). When do incumbents learn from entrepreneurial ventures?: Corporate venture capital and investing firm innovation rates. Research Policy, 34(5), 615–639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.01.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.01.017
- Dushnitsky, G., & Yu, L. (2022). Why do incumbents fund startups? A study of the antecedents of corporate venture capital in China. Research Policy, 51(3), 104463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104463 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104463
- Escartín, D., Marimon, À., Rius, A., Vilaseca, X., & Vives, À. (2020). Startup: Concepto y ciclo de vida. Revista de Contabilidad y Dirección, 30, 13–21.
- ETC Group, & GRAIN. (2025). Top 10 Agribusiness Giants – Corporate Concentration in Food & Farming 2025. https://www.etcgroup.org/sites/www.etcgroup.org/files/files/top_10_agribusiness_giants.pdf
- Fairbairn, M., & Reisman, E. (2024). The incumbent advantage: Corporate power in agri-food tech. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 0(0), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2024.2310146
- FAO. (2010). “Climate-Smart” Agriculture. Policies, Practices and Financing for Food Security, Adaptation and Mitigation.
- FAO. (2017). The future of food and agriculture: Trends and challenges. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
- FAO, CIAT, & The World Bank. (2021). Digital Agriculture Profile Argentina. FAO; https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cb3955en
- Finger, R. (2023). Digital innovations for sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. European Review of Agricultural Economics, jbad021. https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbad021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbad021
- Freeman, J., & Engel, J. S. (2007). Models of Innovation: Startups and Mature Corporations. California Management Review, 50(1), 94–119. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166418 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/41166418
- Fuglie, K. O., King, J. L., Heisey, P. W., & Schimmelpfennig, D. E. (Eds.). (2012). Rising Concentration in Agricultural Input Industries Influences New Farm Technologies. Amber Waves: The Economics of Food, Farming, Natural Resources, and Rural America. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.142404
- Hackfort, S. (2021). Patterns of Inequalities in Digital Agriculture: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 13(22), Article 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212345 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212345
- Hackfort, S. (2024). Democratization through precision technologies? Unveiling power, participation, and property rights in the agricultural bioeconomy. Frontiers in Political Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2024.1363044 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2024.1363044
- Harryson, S., & Lorange, P. (2024). Vertical Integration versus Open Innovation? From Winner Takes it All to Winners Make it All. California Management Review, 67(1), 138–163. https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256241279334 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256241279334
- Herrero, M., Thornton, P. K., Mason-D’Croz, D., Palmer, J., Benton, T. G., Bodirsky, B. L., Bogard, J. R., Hall, A., Lee, B., Nyborg, K., Pradhan, P., Bonnett, G. D., Bryan, B. A., Campbell, B. M., Christensen, S., Clark, M., Cook, M. T., de Boer, I. J. M., Downs, C., … West, P. C. (2020). Innovation can accelerate the transition towards a sustainable food system. Nature Food, 1(5), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0074-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0074-1
- Herrero, M., Thornton, P. K., Mason-D’Croz, D., Palmer, J., Bodirsky, B. L., Pradhan, P., Barrett, C. B., Benton, T. G., Hall, A., Pikaar, I., Bogard, J. R., Bonnett, G. D., Bryan, B. A., Campbell, B. M., Christensen, S., Clark, M., Fanzo, J., Godde, C. M., Jarvis, A., … Rockström, J. (2021). Articulating the effect of food systems innovation on the Sustainable Development Goals. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(1), e50–e62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30277-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30277-1
- IPES. (2017). Too big to feed: Exploring the impacts of mega-mergers, consolidation, and concentration of power in the agri-food sector. (p. 108). International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems. : http://www.ipes-food.org/images/Reports/Concentration_FullReport.pdf
- Jiang, Y. (2021, March 9). Rising to Transform Agricultural Production – – How Agrochemical Titans Unlock the Potential of Digital Agriculture? AgroPages. https://news.agropages.com/News/Detail-38263.htm
- Kenney, M., Serhan, H., & Trystram, G. (2020). Digitization and Platforms in Agriculture: Organizations, Power Asymmetry, and Collective Action Solutions (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. 3638547). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3638547 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3638547
- Klerkx, L., Jakku, E., & Labarthe, P. (2019). A review of social science on digital agriculture, smart farming and agriculture 4.0: New contributions and a future research agenda. NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 90–91(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2019.100315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2019.100315
- Klerkx, L., & Rose, D. (2020). Dealing with the game-changing technologies of Agriculture 4.0: How do we manage diversity and responsibility in food system transition pathways? Global Food Security, 24, 100347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.100347 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.100347
- Klerkx, L., & Villalobos, P. (2024). Are AgriFoodTech start-ups the new drivers of food systems transformation? An overview of the state of the art and a research agenda. Global Food Security, 40, 100726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2023.100726 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2023.100726
- La Nación Campo. (2024, March 4). Aplicaciones selectivas: Se consolidó una alianza entre DeepAgro y Crucianelli. La Nación Campo. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/economia/campo/aplicaciones-selectivas-se-consolido-una-alianza-entre-deepagro-y-crucianelli-nid04032024/
- Lachman, J., Braude, H., Monzón, J., López, S., & Gómez-Roca, S. (2022). El potencial del agro 4.0 en Argentina. Diagnóstico y propuestas de políticas públicas para su promoción. Ministerio de Desarollo Productivo. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.42.047
- Lachman, J., & López, A. (2022). The nurturing role of the local support ecosystem in the development of the Agtech sector in Argentina. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-10-2021-0264 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-10-2021-0264
- Lavarello, P., Bil, D., Vidosa, R., & Langard, F. (2019). Reconfiguración del oligopolio mundial y cambio tecnológico frente a la agricultura 4.0: Implicancias para la trayectoria de la maquinaria agrícola en Argentina. Ciclos En La Historia, La Economía y La Sociedad, 30(53), 163–193.
- Lezoche, M., Hernandez, J. E., Alemany Díaz, M. del M. E., Panetto, H., & Kacprzyk, J. (2020). Agri-food 4.0: A survey of the supply chains and technologies for the future agriculture. Computers in Industry, 117, 103187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103187
- Lundstrom, M. S., & Alam, M. A. (2022). Moore’s law: The journey ahead. Science, 378(6621), 722–723. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ade2191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ade2191
- Mac Clay, P., Feeney, R., & Sellare, J. (2024). Technology-driven transformations in agri-food global value chains: The role of incumbent firms from a corporate venture capital perspective. Food Policy, 127, 102684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102684 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102684
- Mac Clay, P., & Sellare, J. (2025). The Nexus Between Innovation, Value Chains, and Social Sustainability in the Context of a Bioeconomy Upgrading. Business Strategy & Development, 8(1), e70087. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70087 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70087
- Macchiavello, R., Reardon, T., & Richards, T. J. (2022). Empirical Industrial Organization Economics to Analyze Developing Country Food Value Chains. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 14(1), 193–220. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-101721-023554 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-101721-023554
- MacDonald, J. M. (2017, April 3). Mergers and Competition in Seed and Agricultural Chemical Markets. Amber-Waves (USDA Economic Research Service). https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2017/april/mergers-and-competition-in-seed-and-agricultural-chemical-markets/
- MacDonald, J. M., Dong, X., Fuglie, K. O., & United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service. (2023). Concentration and competition in U.S. agribusiness. Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.32747/2023.8054022.ers DOI: https://doi.org/10.32747/2023.8054022.ers
- Manganda, A. S., Sehnem, S., & Lara, A. C. (2024). Transition to the Circular Economy: Innovative and Disruptive Production Technologies Adopted by Agribusiness Startups. Environmental Quality Management, 34(1), e22293. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.22293 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.22293
- Martínez, B. (2025, March 14). Inédito: Presentaron un sistema conversacional basado en ChatGPT que ayuda a analizar información de los cultivos. La Nación Campo. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/economia/campo/inedito-presentaron-un-sistema-conversacional-basado-en-chatgpt-que-ayuda-a-analizar-informacion-de-nid14032025/
- McFadden, J., Casalini, F., Griffin, T., & Antón, J. (2022). The digitalisation of agriculture: A literature review and emerging policy issues. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/285cc27d-en
- McFadden, J., Njuki, E., & Griffin, T. (2023). Precision Agriculture in the Digital Era: Recent Adoption on U.S. Farms. https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=105893
- McKingsey & Company. (2024). Voice of the global farmer 2024: Farmer survey | McKinsey. McKingsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/agriculture/our-insights/global-farmer-insights-2024#/
- Meemken, E.-M., Becker-Reshef, I., Klerkx, L., Kloppenburg, S., Wegner, J. D., & Finger, R. (2024). Digital innovations for monitoring sustainability in food systems. Nature Food, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-024-01018-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-024-01018-6
- Navarro, A. I., & Camusso, J. (2022). Opportunities and Challenges for the New Generation of Sustainable AgTech Startups in LAC (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. 4417489). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4417489 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4417489
- Navarro, A. I., Camusso, J., Soler, M. J., Arraigada, J., & Varvello, J. C. (2024). Sustainability and economic performance of startups in the AgTech sector: Empirical evidence from Argentina (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. 4974629). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4974629 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4974629
- Paolillo, J. (2022, April 19). John Deere: Pioneering the ag-tech of the future. Digital Innovation and Transformation - Harvard Business School. https://d3.harvard.edu/platform-digit/submission/john-deere-pioneering-the-ag-tech-of-the-future/
- Peiretti, R., & Dumanski, J. (2014). The transformation of agriculture in Argentina through soil conservation. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2(1), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-6339(15)30010-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-6339(15)30010-1
- Prause, L. (2021, November 25). Corporate power in the digital agri-food system. Welthungerhilfe.de - Für Eine Welt Ohne Hunger Und Armut. https://www.welthungerhilfe.org/news/latest-articles/2021/corporate-power-in-the-digital-agri-food-system
- Prause, L., Hackfort, S., & Lindgren, M. (2021). Digitalization and the third food regime. Agriculture and Human Values, 38(3), 641–655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-020-10161-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-020-10161-2
- Puntel, L. A., Bolfe, É. L., Melchiori, R. J. M., Ortega, R., Tiscornia, G., Roel, A., Scaramuzza, F., Best, S., Berger, A. G., Hansel, D. S. S., Palacios Durán, D., & Balboa, G. R. (2022). How digital is agriculture in a subset of countries from South America? Adoption and limitations. Crop & Pasture Science, 74(6), 555–572. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21759 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21759
- Qaim, M., & Janvry, A. D. (2005). Bt cotton and pesticide use in Argentina: Economic and environmental effects. Environment and Development Economics, 10(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X04001883 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X04001883
- Qaim, M., & Traxler, G. (2005). Roundup Ready soybeans in Argentina: Farm level and aggregate welfare effects. Agricultural Economics, 32(1), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0169-5150.2005.00006.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0169-5150.2005.00006.x
- Ramseyer, F., Rodríguez Zurro, T., & Terré, E. (2024). Más allá de la sequía: Las cadenas agroindustriales fueron motor de la economía en 2023. Informativo Semanal BCR, 2168. https://www.bcr.com.ar/es/mercados/investigacion-y-desarrollo/informativo-semanal/noticias-informativo-semanal/mas-alla-de-0
- Razzetti, N. (2025, June 10). ¿Se sostiene el boom de los drones en la agricultura argentina? El especialista Martín Rainaudo explica sus ventajas y desvent. Bichos de Campo. https://bichosdecampo.com/se-sostiene-el-boom-de-los-drones-en-la-agricultura-argentina-el-especialista-martin-rainaudo-explica-sus-ventajas-y-desventajas-y-analiza-el-potencial-de-crecimiento-de-esa-tecnologia/
- Reardon, T., Echeverria, R., Berdegué, J., Minten, B., Liverpool-Tasie, S., Tschirley, D., & Zilberman, D. (2019). Rapid transformation of food systems in developing regions: Highlighting the role of agricultural research & innovations. Agricultural Systems, 172, 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2018.01.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2018.01.022
- Rotz, S., Duncan, E., Small, M., Botschner, J., Dara, R., Mosby, I., Reed, M., & Fraser, E. D. G. (2019). The Politics of Digital Agricultural Technologies: A Preliminary Review. Sociologia Ruralis, 59(2), 203–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12233 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12233
- Sauvagerd, M., Mayer, M., & Hartmann, M. (2024). Digital platforms in the agricultural sector: Dynamics of oligopolistic platformisation. Big Data & Society, 11(4), 20539517241306365. https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517241306365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517241306365
- Scoponi, L., Durán, R., Pesce, G., & De Batista, M. (2011). Difusión de la innovación tecnológica: El caso de la siembra directa en Argentina y su comparación con Brasil. Revista Capital Científico-Eletrônica (RCCҽ), 9(1), 11–25.
- Soler, M. J., Arraigada, J., Krakov, A., & Fusoni, G. (2022). Situación actual y perspectivas del ecosistema AgTech de Argentina. Endeavor - Bain&Company. https://www.endeavor.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ecosistema-agtech-argentina-2022-1.pdf
- Song, B., Ning, W., Wei, D., Jiang, M., Zhu, K., Wang, X., Edwards, D., Odeny, D. A., & Cheng, S. (2023). Plant genome resequencing and population genomics: Current status and future prospects. Molecular Plant, 16(8), 1252–1268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2023.07.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2023.07.009
- Sunding, D., & Zilberman, D. (2001). Chapter 4 The agricultural innovation process: Research and technology adoption in a changing agricultural sector. In Handbook of Agricultural Economics (Vol. 1, pp. 207–261). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0072(01)10007-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0072(01)10007-1
- Trivedi, A. (2022, October 4). Bayer Crop Science: Unlocking value through AI-driven digital farming. Digital Innovation and Transformation - Harvard Business School. https://d3.harvard.edu/platform-digit/submission/bayer-crop-science-unlocking-value-through-ai-driven-digital-farming/
- van der Velden, D., Klerkx, L., Dessein, J., & Debruyne, L. (2024). Cyborg farmers: Embodied understandings of precision agriculture. Sociologia Ruralis, 64(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12456 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12456
- Vazquez, P. (2024, March 7). Conectividad: Una alianza busca superar el mayor obstáculo de las nuevas tecnologías. La Nación Campo. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/economia/campo/conectividad-una-alianza-busca-superar-el-mayor-obstaculo-de-las-nuevas-tecnologias-nid07032024/
- Vergara, J. M., & Barrett, C. B. (2025). Private Capital Investments in Agrifood-Tech Startups in South America, 2007–2022. Agribusiness. https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.22022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.22022
- Vitón, R., Castillo, A., & Teixeira, T. L. (2019). AGTECH: Mapa de la innovación Agtech en América Latina y el Caribe. IDB Publications. https://doi.org/10.18235/0001788 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18235/0001928
- Wang, F., Harindintwali, J. D., Yuan, Z., Wang, M., Wang, F., Li, S., Yin, Z., Huang, L., Fu, Y., Li, L., Chang, S. X., Zhang, L., Rinklebe, J., Yuan, Z., Zhu, Q., Xiang, L., Tsang, D. C. W., Xu, L., Jiang, X., … Chen, J. M. (2021). Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality. The Innovation, 2(4), 100180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100180 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100180
- Waßenhoven, A., Rennings, M., & Bröring, S. (2025). Unraveling the Interplay Between Strategic Adaptation and Organizational Identity. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2025(1), 22764. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMPROC.2025.22764abstract DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMPROC.2025.22764abstract
- Wolfert, S., Verdouw, C., van Wassenaer, L., Dolfsma, W., & Klerkx, L. (2023). Digital innovation ecosystems in agri-food: Design principles and organizational framework. Agricultural Systems, 204, 103558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103558 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103558
- World Bank. (2024). Towards a More Competitive, Inclusive, and Resilient Agrifood Sector in Argentina. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/41383
- Yang, Y., Tilman, D., Jin, Z., Smith, P., Barrett, C. B., Zhu, Y.-G., Burney, J., D’Odorico, P., Fantke, P., Fargione, J., Finlay, J. C., Rulli, M. C., Sloat, L., Jan van Groenigen, K., West, P. C., Ziska, L., Michalak, A. M., the Clim-Ag Team, & Lobell, D. B. (2024). Climate change exacerbates the environmental impacts of agriculture. Science, 385(6713), eadn3747. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adn3747 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adn3747
