Articles
A numerical approach to the taxonomy of some species of the Subtribe Cassiinae in Nigeria
Opeyemi Saheed Kolawole- Abdullahi Alanamu Abdulrahaman
- Emmanuel Chukwudi Chukwuma
- Mahboob Adekilekun Jimoh
Published 2021-04-06
Keywords
- Custer analysis,
- fruits,
- Cassiinae,
- leaves,
- PCA
- Numerical taxonomy ...More
How to Cite
Kolawole, O. S., Abdulrahaman, A. A., Chukwuma, E. C., & Jimoh, M. A. (2021). A numerical approach to the taxonomy of some species of the Subtribe Cassiinae in Nigeria. Webbia, 76(1), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.36253/jopt-10036
Abstract
Twelve morphological parameters from the leaves, fruits, and pedicel of fifteen (15) species of the subtribe Cassiinae were studied using the methods of numerical taxonomy. Characters such as leaflet length, leaflet width, and leaflet length/width ratio contributed significantly in the delimitation of the species studied. While C. italica and Ch. mimosoides are the most closely related taxa, C. fistula and C. singueana appear to be the most distantly related as reflected by the cluster coefficients. Further illustrations as revealed by the dendrogram and scatter plot generated placed the 15 studied species into three groups. While we acknowledge the relevance of phylogenetic analysis in taxonomic studies as it is in recent times, we strongly support the application of numerical taxonomy to compliment findings.
References
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Akinremi AA, Omobuwajo OR, Elujoba AA. 2000. Pharmacological standards for the fruits of Cassia fistula and C. podocarpa. Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 4: 23-27.
Bateman RM, Rudal PJ. 2006. Evolutionary and morphometric implications of morphological variation among flowers within an inflorescence: A case-study using European orchids. Annals of Botany, 98: 975-993.
Bentham G. 1871. Revision of the genus Cassia Linn. Transaction of Linnean Society, 27: 503–591
Bookstein FL, Chernoff B, Elder R, Humphries J, Smith G, Strauss R.1985. Morphometrics in Evolutionary Biology. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.
Boonkerd T, Pechsri S, Baum BR. 2005. A phenetic study of Cassia sensu lato (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae: Cassiinae) in Thailand. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 252:(3&4), 153–165.
Bradley PR. 1992. British Herbal Compendium, Vol.1. British Herbal Medicine Association, Bournemouth.
Burkill HM. 1995. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa, Ed 2, Vol. 3, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. London. pp: 150-167.
Davis PH, Heywood VH. 1963. Pricinples of Angiosperm Taxonomy. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh. pp. 558.
Deshmukh SA. 2011. Morphometrics of genus Cassia L. from Kolhapur District. The Bioscan, 6(3): 459-462.
Elujoba AA, Abere AT, Adelusi SA. 1999. Laxative activities of Cassia pods sourced from Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 3:51-53.
Forey P, MacLeod N. 2002. Morphology, Shape and Phylogeny. Systematics Association Special Vol. 64. Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 100-138.
Holmgren PK, Keuken W, Schofield EK. 1990. Index Herbariorum Part I. The Habaria of the World. 8th ed. Reg. Veg., - New York.
Hou D, Larsen K, Larsen S S. 1996. Caesalpiniaceae. In: Kalkman C, Stevens P. F, Kirkup D W, deWilde WJJO, Nooteboom HP. (eds.) Flora Malesiana. Vol. 12, part 2. Rijksherbarium/ Hortus Botanicus, Leiden. pp. 681-690.
Hutchinson J, Dalziel JM. 1958. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol I part 2. The Whitefraius Press Ltd, London. pp. 544.
Irwin HS, Barneby RC. 1982. The American Cassiinae. A synoptic revision of Leguminosae tribe Cassieae subtribe Cassiinae in the New World. Memoirs of New York Botanic Gardens, 35(1): 1–918.
Irwin HS, Barneby RC. 1981. Cassieae. In: Advances in Legume Systematics (R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven Eds) Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. Part 1: 97-106.
Irwin HS, Turner BL. 1960. Chromosomal relationship and taxonomic consideration in the genus Cassia. American Journal of Botany, 47: 309-318.
Jensen RJ. 2003. The conundrum of morphometrics. Taxon, 52: 663-671.
Jeruto P, Arama P, Anyango B, Nyunja R, Taracha C, Opiyo S. 2017) Morphometric study of Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) H. S. Irwin and Barneby in Kenya. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 6(7): 54-69.
Kent M, Coke P. 1992. Vegetation Description and Analysis: A Practical Approach. John Wiley, New York. pp. 428.
Kolawole OS. 2017. Taximetric study of species of subtribe Cassiinae in selected states of Nigeria. PhD Thesis (Unpublished). University of Ilorin, Ilorin. pp. 233
Kolawole OS, Abdulrahaman AA, Jimoh MA, Oladele FA. 2016. Morphometric study of several species of the genus Jatropha Linn. (Euphorbiaceae). Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 8(2): 211-215.
Larsen K. 1993. Note on the nomenclature of Cassieae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) in Malaysia. Nordic Journal of Botany, 13(4): 403–404.
Larsen K, Larsen SS, Vidal JE. 1984. Leguminosae- Caesalpinioideae. In: Smitinand T, Larsen K. (eds.) Flora of Thailand 4(1): 102–123.
Lock JM. 1988. Cassia s.l. (Leguminosae- Caesalpinioideae) in Africa. Kew Bulletin, 43(2): 333–342.
Mabberley DJ. 1997. The Plant-Book. A Portable Dictionary of the Vascular Plants. Cambridge University Press, New York. pp. 858.
Mulumba JW, Kakudidi E. 2011. Infraspecific delimitation of Acacia senegal (Fabaceae) in Uganda. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2: 345 - 353.
Nwachukwu CU, Mbagwu FN. 2006. Morphological features in some species of Indigofera L (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). Journal of Fisheries International,1 (2-4): 50-54.
Ogundipe OT, Kadiri AB, Adekanmbi OH. 2009. Foliar epidermal morphology of some Nigerian species of Senna (Caesalpiniaceae). Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2(10): 5-9
Pandey SN, Misra SP. 2009. Taxonomy of Angiosperms. Ane Books Pvt. Ltd. Parwana Bhawa, Darya Ganj, New Delhi, India. pp. 256-259.
Rahman MO, Rahman MZ, Ayesa B. 2013. Numerical taxonomy of the genus Senna Mill. from Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 20(1): 77 - 83.
Saheed SA, Illoh HC. 2011. Important morphological characters in several species of Cassiinae (Leguminosae) in South-Western Nigeria. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 3(2):47-56
Saheed SA, Illoh HC. 2010. A taxonomic study of some Species in Cassiinae (Leguminosae) using leaf epidermal characters. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 38(1):21-27.
Silva O, Barbosa S, Diniz A, Valdeira ML, Gomes E. 1997. Plant extracts antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type I and African swine fever virus. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 35(10): 12-16.
Singh V. 2001. Monograph on Indian subtribe Cassiinae (Caesalpiniaceae). Jodhpur, Scientific, pp. 278
Soladoye MO, Onakoya MA, Chukwuma EC, Sonibare MA. 2010a. Morphometric study of the genus Senna (Mill) in South-Western Nigeria. African Journal of Plant Science, 4(3): 044-052.
Soladoye MO, Sonibare MA, Chukwuma EC. 2010b. Morphometric study of the genus Indigofera L. (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) in South-Western Nigeria. International Journal of Botany, 6(3): 343-350.
Soladoye MO, Sonibare MA, Rosanwo TO. 2008. Phytochemical and morphometric analysis of the genus Acalypha Linn. (Euphorbiaceae). Journal of Applied Sciences, 8: 3044-3049.
Sonibare MA, Jayeola AA, Egunyomi A. 2004. A morphometric analysis of the genus Ficus Linn. (Moraceae). African Journal of Biotechnology, 3: 229-235.
Sultana S, Khan MA, Ahmad M, Bano A, Zafar M, Shinwari V. 2011. Authentication of herbal medicine neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) by using taxonomic and Pharmacognostic techniques. Pakistan Journal of Botany (Special Issue), 43: 141-150
Wiens JJ. 2000. Phylogenetic Analysis of Morphological Data. Smithsonian Institution. Washington, DC, pp. 220
Yousuf Z, Shinwari ZK, Qureshi RA, Perveen A. 2008. Leaf epidermal anatomy of selected Allium species, family Alliaceae from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(1): 77-90.
Zhigila DA, Sawa FB.J, Abdul SD. 2015. Morphometric study of accessions of Sesamum indicum L. collected from Nigeria. African Journal of Plant Science, 9(2): 56-64.
Akinremi AA, Omobuwajo OR, Elujoba AA. 2000. Pharmacological standards for the fruits of Cassia fistula and C. podocarpa. Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 4: 23-27.
Bateman RM, Rudal PJ. 2006. Evolutionary and morphometric implications of morphological variation among flowers within an inflorescence: A case-study using European orchids. Annals of Botany, 98: 975-993.
Bentham G. 1871. Revision of the genus Cassia Linn. Transaction of Linnean Society, 27: 503–591
Bookstein FL, Chernoff B, Elder R, Humphries J, Smith G, Strauss R.1985. Morphometrics in Evolutionary Biology. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.
Boonkerd T, Pechsri S, Baum BR. 2005. A phenetic study of Cassia sensu lato (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae: Cassiinae) in Thailand. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 252:(3&4), 153–165.
Bradley PR. 1992. British Herbal Compendium, Vol.1. British Herbal Medicine Association, Bournemouth.
Burkill HM. 1995. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa, Ed 2, Vol. 3, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. London. pp: 150-167.
Davis PH, Heywood VH. 1963. Pricinples of Angiosperm Taxonomy. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh. pp. 558.
Deshmukh SA. 2011. Morphometrics of genus Cassia L. from Kolhapur District. The Bioscan, 6(3): 459-462.
Elujoba AA, Abere AT, Adelusi SA. 1999. Laxative activities of Cassia pods sourced from Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 3:51-53.
Forey P, MacLeod N. 2002. Morphology, Shape and Phylogeny. Systematics Association Special Vol. 64. Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 100-138.
Holmgren PK, Keuken W, Schofield EK. 1990. Index Herbariorum Part I. The Habaria of the World. 8th ed. Reg. Veg., - New York.
Hou D, Larsen K, Larsen S S. 1996. Caesalpiniaceae. In: Kalkman C, Stevens P. F, Kirkup D W, deWilde WJJO, Nooteboom HP. (eds.) Flora Malesiana. Vol. 12, part 2. Rijksherbarium/ Hortus Botanicus, Leiden. pp. 681-690.
Hutchinson J, Dalziel JM. 1958. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol I part 2. The Whitefraius Press Ltd, London. pp. 544.
Irwin HS, Barneby RC. 1982. The American Cassiinae. A synoptic revision of Leguminosae tribe Cassieae subtribe Cassiinae in the New World. Memoirs of New York Botanic Gardens, 35(1): 1–918.
Irwin HS, Barneby RC. 1981. Cassieae. In: Advances in Legume Systematics (R. M. Polhill and P. H. Raven Eds) Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. Part 1: 97-106.
Irwin HS, Turner BL. 1960. Chromosomal relationship and taxonomic consideration in the genus Cassia. American Journal of Botany, 47: 309-318.
Jensen RJ. 2003. The conundrum of morphometrics. Taxon, 52: 663-671.
Jeruto P, Arama P, Anyango B, Nyunja R, Taracha C, Opiyo S. 2017) Morphometric study of Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) H. S. Irwin and Barneby in Kenya. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 6(7): 54-69.
Kent M, Coke P. 1992. Vegetation Description and Analysis: A Practical Approach. John Wiley, New York. pp. 428.
Kolawole OS. 2017. Taximetric study of species of subtribe Cassiinae in selected states of Nigeria. PhD Thesis (Unpublished). University of Ilorin, Ilorin. pp. 233
Kolawole OS, Abdulrahaman AA, Jimoh MA, Oladele FA. 2016. Morphometric study of several species of the genus Jatropha Linn. (Euphorbiaceae). Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 8(2): 211-215.
Larsen K. 1993. Note on the nomenclature of Cassieae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) in Malaysia. Nordic Journal of Botany, 13(4): 403–404.
Larsen K, Larsen SS, Vidal JE. 1984. Leguminosae- Caesalpinioideae. In: Smitinand T, Larsen K. (eds.) Flora of Thailand 4(1): 102–123.
Lock JM. 1988. Cassia s.l. (Leguminosae- Caesalpinioideae) in Africa. Kew Bulletin, 43(2): 333–342.
Mabberley DJ. 1997. The Plant-Book. A Portable Dictionary of the Vascular Plants. Cambridge University Press, New York. pp. 858.
Mulumba JW, Kakudidi E. 2011. Infraspecific delimitation of Acacia senegal (Fabaceae) in Uganda. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2: 345 - 353.
Nwachukwu CU, Mbagwu FN. 2006. Morphological features in some species of Indigofera L (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). Journal of Fisheries International,1 (2-4): 50-54.
Ogundipe OT, Kadiri AB, Adekanmbi OH. 2009. Foliar epidermal morphology of some Nigerian species of Senna (Caesalpiniaceae). Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2(10): 5-9
Pandey SN, Misra SP. 2009. Taxonomy of Angiosperms. Ane Books Pvt. Ltd. Parwana Bhawa, Darya Ganj, New Delhi, India. pp. 256-259.
Rahman MO, Rahman MZ, Ayesa B. 2013. Numerical taxonomy of the genus Senna Mill. from Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 20(1): 77 - 83.
Saheed SA, Illoh HC. 2011. Important morphological characters in several species of Cassiinae (Leguminosae) in South-Western Nigeria. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 3(2):47-56
Saheed SA, Illoh HC. 2010. A taxonomic study of some Species in Cassiinae (Leguminosae) using leaf epidermal characters. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 38(1):21-27.
Silva O, Barbosa S, Diniz A, Valdeira ML, Gomes E. 1997. Plant extracts antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type I and African swine fever virus. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 35(10): 12-16.
Singh V. 2001. Monograph on Indian subtribe Cassiinae (Caesalpiniaceae). Jodhpur, Scientific, pp. 278
Soladoye MO, Onakoya MA, Chukwuma EC, Sonibare MA. 2010a. Morphometric study of the genus Senna (Mill) in South-Western Nigeria. African Journal of Plant Science, 4(3): 044-052.
Soladoye MO, Sonibare MA, Chukwuma EC. 2010b. Morphometric study of the genus Indigofera L. (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) in South-Western Nigeria. International Journal of Botany, 6(3): 343-350.
Soladoye MO, Sonibare MA, Rosanwo TO. 2008. Phytochemical and morphometric analysis of the genus Acalypha Linn. (Euphorbiaceae). Journal of Applied Sciences, 8: 3044-3049.
Sonibare MA, Jayeola AA, Egunyomi A. 2004. A morphometric analysis of the genus Ficus Linn. (Moraceae). African Journal of Biotechnology, 3: 229-235.
Sultana S, Khan MA, Ahmad M, Bano A, Zafar M, Shinwari V. 2011. Authentication of herbal medicine neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) by using taxonomic and Pharmacognostic techniques. Pakistan Journal of Botany (Special Issue), 43: 141-150
Wiens JJ. 2000. Phylogenetic Analysis of Morphological Data. Smithsonian Institution. Washington, DC, pp. 220
Yousuf Z, Shinwari ZK, Qureshi RA, Perveen A. 2008. Leaf epidermal anatomy of selected Allium species, family Alliaceae from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(1): 77-90.
Zhigila DA, Sawa FB.J, Abdul SD. 2015. Morphometric study of accessions of Sesamum indicum L. collected from Nigeria. African Journal of Plant Science, 9(2): 56-64.