Articles
Strelitzia nicolaii Regel & Körn. (Strelitziaceae), a casual alien plant new to Northern Hemisphere
Salvatore Pasta
Published 2021-04-06
Keywords
- subtropical ornamental plants,
- Mediterranean,
- naturalization,
- urban areas,
- dispersal
- pollination ...More
How to Cite
Collesano, G., Fiorello, A., & Pasta, S. (2021). Strelitzia nicolaii Regel & Körn. (Strelitziaceae), a casual alien plant new to Northern Hemisphere. Webbia, 76(1), 135–140. https://doi.org/10.36253/jopt-10183
Abstract
The ongoing naturalization of the blue giant paradise bird tree, Strelitzia nicolaii, is here reported for the first time for NW Sicily (Italy). Native to SE Africa, this ornamental plant was locally introduced around mid XIX century. During last two decades the first cases of pollination and dispersal have been recorded, and within last 10 years several individuals were able to establish in abandoned Citrus orchards or in private gardens subject to moderate soil management.
References
Archer C., 2003. Strelitziaceae. In: Germishuizen G., Meyer N.L. (eds.), ‘Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist’. Kirstenbosch: Strelitzia National Botanical Institute of South Africa; p. 1106.
Argent G., 2011. Strelitzia. In: Cullen J., Knees S.G., Cubey S. (eds.), ‘The European Garden Flora Vol. 1 (Alismataceae to Orchidaceae)’, Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press, p. 420.
Badalamenti E., Cusimano D., La Mantia T., Pasta S., 2013. The recent spread of the invasive woody alien plant, Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae), in Sicily. Naturalista sicil., s. 4, 37:505-513.
Badalamenti E., Cusimano D., La Mantia T., Pasta S., Romano S., Troìa A., Ilardi V., 2018. The ongoing naturalisation of Eucalyptus spp. in the Mediterranean Basin: new threats to native species and habitats. Austral. Forestry, 81(4):239-249. DOI: 10.1080/00049158.2018.1533512
Badalamenti E., La Mantia T., 2018. Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Bignoniaceae) in Sicily: a new casual alien to Italy and Europe. Fl. Medit., 28:331-338. DOI: 10.7320/FlMedit28.331
Baijnath H., McCracken P.A., 2019. Strelitzias of the world. A historical and contemporary exploration. Durban: Durban Botanic Gardens Trust, Jacana Publishers, 300 pp.
Buscalioni L., Trinchieri G., 1906. Sui movimenti della spata della Strelitzia augusta Thunb. Malpighia, 20:476-479.
Cecere J.C., Matricardi C., Frank B., Imperio S., Spina F., Gargallo G., Barboutis Ch., Boitani L., 2010. Nectar exploitation by songbirds at Mediterranean stopover sites. Ardeola, 57(1):143-157.
Cron G.NV., Pirone C., Bartlett M., Kress W.J., Specht C., 2012. Phylogenetic relationships and evolution in the Strelitziaceae (Zingiberales). Syst. Bot., 37(3):606-619. DOI: 10.1600/036364412X648562
Cronk Q., Ojeda I., 2008. Bird-pollinated flowers in an evolutionary and molecular context. J. Exp. Bot., 59(4):715-727. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern009
Da Silva L.P., Ramos J.A., Olesen J.M., Traveset A., Heleno R.H., 2014. Flower visitation by birds in Europe. Oikos, 123:1377-1383. DOI: 10.1111/oik.01347
Downs C.T., Shuttleworth A., Wilson A.-L., 2015. Assimilation efficiency of the Red-winged Starling Onychognathus morio fed Strelitzia nicolai arils. J. Ornithol., 156(1):323-326. DOI: 10.1007/s10336-014-1111-3
Duretto M.F., McCune S., Luxton R., Milne D., 2017. Strelitzia nicolai (Strelitziaceae): a new species, genus and family weed record for New South Wales. Telopea, 20:1-3. DOI: 10.7751/telopea11022
Dyer R.A., 1945. The Flowering Plants of Africa. Pretoria: Van Schaik LTD.
Fiorello A., Speciale M., Lo Verde G., Massa B., 2015. Strelitzia nicolaii (Strelitziaceae), new host plant for Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera Curculionidae) in Sicily. Naturalista sicil., s. 4, 39(2):435-438.
Frost S.K., Frost P.G.H., 1981. Sunbird pollination of Strelitzia nicolai. Oecologia, 49:379-384. DOI: 10.1007/BF00347603
Galasso G., Conti F., Peruzzi L., Ardenghi N.M.G., Banfi E., Celesti-Grapow L., Albano A., Alessandrini A., Bacchetta G., Ballelli S., et al., 2018. An updated checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy. Plant Biosystems, 152(3):556-592. DOI: 10.1080/11263504.2018.1441197
Goldblatt P., Manning J., 2000. Strelitziaceae. in Du Plessis E. and Germishuizen G. (eds.), ‘Cape plants: A conspectus of the Cape flora of South Africa’. Kirstenbosch: National Botanical Institute of South Africa; p.218-219. DOI: 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00124.x
Gosper C.R., Stansbury C.D., Vivian Smith G., 2010. Seed dispersal of fleshy fruited invasive plants by birds: contributing factors and management options. Diversity and Distrib., 11(6):549-558. DOI: 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00195.x
Lo Valvo M., Massa B., La Mantia T., 1985. Bird population of Palermo’s urban and suburban areas. Ital. J. Zool., 52:347-354. DOI: 10.1080/11250008509440538
Manetti G., 1845. Catalogi plantarum Caesarei Regii Horti prope Modiciam supplementum secundum ad annum 1. Mediolani: Imp. Regiis Typis: p.24
Marco A., Lavergne S., Dutoit Th., Bertaudiere-Montes V., 2010. From the backyard to the backcountry: how ecological and biological traits explain the escape of garden plants into Mediterranean old fields. Biol. Invasions, 12:761-779. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-009-9479-3
Merino S., Nogueiras I., 2003. Loquat Eriobotrya japonica as a winter nectar source for birds in central Spain. Ardeola, 50:265-267.
Moore H.E., Hyypio P.A., 1970. Some comments on Strelitzia (Strelitziaceae). Baileya, 17:64-74.
Nichols, G., 2007. Natal wild banana Strelitzia nicolai. [accessed 2019 may 30] http://birdinfo.co.za/botanical/fruit/29_strelitzia_nicolai.htm.
Ostinelli V., 1910. Villa Trabia - Terre rosse, Palermo. Descrizione delle piante coltivate nella villa delle LL. EE. il Principe e la Principessa di Trabia e di Butera dal 1882 al 1910. Palermo: Tip. Priulla, p.94.
Pasta S., Ardenghi N.M.G., Badalamenti E., La Mantia T., Livreri Console S., Parolo G., 2017. The alien vascular flora of Linosa (Pelagie Islands, Strait of Sicily): update and management proposals. Willdenowia, 47(2):135-144. DOI: 10.3372/wi.47.47205
Pasta S., Badalamenti E., La Mantia T., 2012. Acacia cyclops A. Cunn. ex G. Don (fam. Fabaceae) in Italy: preliminary notes on first naturalization cases. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid, 69(2):193-200. DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2314
Pasta S., Badalamenti E., Sala G., La Mantia T., 2016. Nicodemia madagascariensis (Lam.) R. Parker (fam. Scrophulariaceae), a casual alien plant new to Italy. Webbia, 71(1):155-162. DOI: 10.1080/00837792.2016.1160662
Pasta S., La Mantia T., Badalamenti E., 2014. A casual alien new to Mediterranean Europe: Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna (Malvaceae) in the suburban area of Palermo (NW Sicily, Italy). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid, 71(2):e010. DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2387
Pirone C., Johnson J.V., Quirke J.M.E., Priestap H.A., Lee D., 2010. The animal pigment bilirubin identified in Strelitzia reginae, the bird of paradise flower. HortScience, 45(9):1411-1415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.45.9.1411
Pirone C., Quirke J.M.E., Priestap H.A., Lee D.W., 2009. Animal pigment bilirubin discovered in plants. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131(8):2830-2830. DOI: 10.1021/ja809065g
Raimondo F.M., Domina G., 2007. Two new Mimosaceae naturalized in Italy. Fl. Medit., 17:209-216. http://www1.unipa.it/herbmed/flora/17-209.pdf
Raimondo F.M., Fici S., 1991. Nuovi reperti per la flora esotica della Sicilia. Naturalista Sicil., s. 4, 15(3-4):155-160.
Regel (Von) E.A., Körnicke F. 1858. Strelitzia nicolai Rgl. et Körn. Gartenflora, 7:265-267, table 235.Regel (von) E.A., Körnicke F.A., 1858. 1. Originalabhandlungen. 1) Abgebildete Pflanzen. a) Strelitzia Nicolai Rgl. & Körn. In: Regel E. (ed.), Gartenflora - Allgemeine Monatschrift für deutsche, russische und schweizerische Garden- und Blumenkunde, vol. 7. Erlangen: Verlag von Ferdinand Enke, 265-267, plate 235.
Rejmánek M., Pitcairn M.J. 2002. When is eradication of exotic plant pests a realistic goal? In: Veitch C.R., Clout M.N. (eds.), ‘Turning the Tide: The Eradication of Invasive Species’. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, pp. 249–253. http://www.issg.org/database/species/reference_files/onoaca/Rejmanek.pdf
Speciale M., Domina G., 2016. On the real identity of the Strelitzia cultivated in Sicily’s historic gardens. Webbia, 71(2):1-3. DOI: 10.1080/00837792.2016.1191180
Tenore M. 1845. Catalogo delle piante che si coltivano nel R. Orto Botanico di Napoli. Napoli: Tip.[ografia] dell’Aquila.
Todaro A. 1885. Index seminum Horti Regii Botanici Panormitani an.[no] MDCCCLXXXIV qua pro mutua commutatione offeruntur. Palermo: publisher unknown.
Turland N.J., Wiersema J. H., Barrie F. R., Greuter W., Hawksworth D. L., Herendeen P. S., Knapp S., Kusber W.-H., Li D.-Z., Marhold K., May T. W., McNeill J., Monro A. M., Prado J., Price M. J., Smith G.F. (eds.) 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress (Shenzhen, China, July 2017). Regnum Vegetabile, 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Van der Venter H.A., Small J.G.C., Robbertse P.J., 1975. Notes on the distribution and comparative leaf morphology of the acaulescent species of Strelitzia Aiton. J. S. Afr. Bot., 41(1):1-16.
Villari R., Zaccone R., 1999. Paraserianthes lophantha (Willd.) J. Nielsen (Mimosaceae) a new alien species naturalised to Sicily. Fl. Medit., 9:287-290. https://www.herbmedit.org/flora/9-287.pdf
Wright C.H., 1913. Strelitzia Aiton. In: Thiselton-Dyer W.T. (ed.), ‘Flora Capensis, being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal (and neighbouring territories) by various botanists’. Vol. 5, Section 3 (Hydrocharideae to Scitamineae). London: Lovell, Reeve and Co. LTD; p.316-319.
Yamburov M.S., Astafurova T.P., Zharnakhova E.Y., Romanova S.B., Smolina V.M., Khotskova L.V., 2016. Reproductive biology of Strelitzia nicolai and Strelitzia reginae in the conditions of a greenhouse. RJPBCS, 7(2):309-316.
Argent G., 2011. Strelitzia. In: Cullen J., Knees S.G., Cubey S. (eds.), ‘The European Garden Flora Vol. 1 (Alismataceae to Orchidaceae)’, Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press, p. 420.
Badalamenti E., Cusimano D., La Mantia T., Pasta S., 2013. The recent spread of the invasive woody alien plant, Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae), in Sicily. Naturalista sicil., s. 4, 37:505-513.
Badalamenti E., Cusimano D., La Mantia T., Pasta S., Romano S., Troìa A., Ilardi V., 2018. The ongoing naturalisation of Eucalyptus spp. in the Mediterranean Basin: new threats to native species and habitats. Austral. Forestry, 81(4):239-249. DOI: 10.1080/00049158.2018.1533512
Badalamenti E., La Mantia T., 2018. Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Bignoniaceae) in Sicily: a new casual alien to Italy and Europe. Fl. Medit., 28:331-338. DOI: 10.7320/FlMedit28.331
Baijnath H., McCracken P.A., 2019. Strelitzias of the world. A historical and contemporary exploration. Durban: Durban Botanic Gardens Trust, Jacana Publishers, 300 pp.
Buscalioni L., Trinchieri G., 1906. Sui movimenti della spata della Strelitzia augusta Thunb. Malpighia, 20:476-479.
Cecere J.C., Matricardi C., Frank B., Imperio S., Spina F., Gargallo G., Barboutis Ch., Boitani L., 2010. Nectar exploitation by songbirds at Mediterranean stopover sites. Ardeola, 57(1):143-157.
Cron G.NV., Pirone C., Bartlett M., Kress W.J., Specht C., 2012. Phylogenetic relationships and evolution in the Strelitziaceae (Zingiberales). Syst. Bot., 37(3):606-619. DOI: 10.1600/036364412X648562
Cronk Q., Ojeda I., 2008. Bird-pollinated flowers in an evolutionary and molecular context. J. Exp. Bot., 59(4):715-727. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern009
Da Silva L.P., Ramos J.A., Olesen J.M., Traveset A., Heleno R.H., 2014. Flower visitation by birds in Europe. Oikos, 123:1377-1383. DOI: 10.1111/oik.01347
Downs C.T., Shuttleworth A., Wilson A.-L., 2015. Assimilation efficiency of the Red-winged Starling Onychognathus morio fed Strelitzia nicolai arils. J. Ornithol., 156(1):323-326. DOI: 10.1007/s10336-014-1111-3
Duretto M.F., McCune S., Luxton R., Milne D., 2017. Strelitzia nicolai (Strelitziaceae): a new species, genus and family weed record for New South Wales. Telopea, 20:1-3. DOI: 10.7751/telopea11022
Dyer R.A., 1945. The Flowering Plants of Africa. Pretoria: Van Schaik LTD.
Fiorello A., Speciale M., Lo Verde G., Massa B., 2015. Strelitzia nicolaii (Strelitziaceae), new host plant for Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera Curculionidae) in Sicily. Naturalista sicil., s. 4, 39(2):435-438.
Frost S.K., Frost P.G.H., 1981. Sunbird pollination of Strelitzia nicolai. Oecologia, 49:379-384. DOI: 10.1007/BF00347603
Galasso G., Conti F., Peruzzi L., Ardenghi N.M.G., Banfi E., Celesti-Grapow L., Albano A., Alessandrini A., Bacchetta G., Ballelli S., et al., 2018. An updated checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy. Plant Biosystems, 152(3):556-592. DOI: 10.1080/11263504.2018.1441197
Goldblatt P., Manning J., 2000. Strelitziaceae. in Du Plessis E. and Germishuizen G. (eds.), ‘Cape plants: A conspectus of the Cape flora of South Africa’. Kirstenbosch: National Botanical Institute of South Africa; p.218-219. DOI: 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00124.x
Gosper C.R., Stansbury C.D., Vivian Smith G., 2010. Seed dispersal of fleshy fruited invasive plants by birds: contributing factors and management options. Diversity and Distrib., 11(6):549-558. DOI: 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00195.x
Lo Valvo M., Massa B., La Mantia T., 1985. Bird population of Palermo’s urban and suburban areas. Ital. J. Zool., 52:347-354. DOI: 10.1080/11250008509440538
Manetti G., 1845. Catalogi plantarum Caesarei Regii Horti prope Modiciam supplementum secundum ad annum 1. Mediolani: Imp. Regiis Typis: p.24
Marco A., Lavergne S., Dutoit Th., Bertaudiere-Montes V., 2010. From the backyard to the backcountry: how ecological and biological traits explain the escape of garden plants into Mediterranean old fields. Biol. Invasions, 12:761-779. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-009-9479-3
Merino S., Nogueiras I., 2003. Loquat Eriobotrya japonica as a winter nectar source for birds in central Spain. Ardeola, 50:265-267.
Moore H.E., Hyypio P.A., 1970. Some comments on Strelitzia (Strelitziaceae). Baileya, 17:64-74.
Nichols, G., 2007. Natal wild banana Strelitzia nicolai. [accessed 2019 may 30] http://birdinfo.co.za/botanical/fruit/29_strelitzia_nicolai.htm.
Ostinelli V., 1910. Villa Trabia - Terre rosse, Palermo. Descrizione delle piante coltivate nella villa delle LL. EE. il Principe e la Principessa di Trabia e di Butera dal 1882 al 1910. Palermo: Tip. Priulla, p.94.
Pasta S., Ardenghi N.M.G., Badalamenti E., La Mantia T., Livreri Console S., Parolo G., 2017. The alien vascular flora of Linosa (Pelagie Islands, Strait of Sicily): update and management proposals. Willdenowia, 47(2):135-144. DOI: 10.3372/wi.47.47205
Pasta S., Badalamenti E., La Mantia T., 2012. Acacia cyclops A. Cunn. ex G. Don (fam. Fabaceae) in Italy: preliminary notes on first naturalization cases. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid, 69(2):193-200. DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2314
Pasta S., Badalamenti E., Sala G., La Mantia T., 2016. Nicodemia madagascariensis (Lam.) R. Parker (fam. Scrophulariaceae), a casual alien plant new to Italy. Webbia, 71(1):155-162. DOI: 10.1080/00837792.2016.1160662
Pasta S., La Mantia T., Badalamenti E., 2014. A casual alien new to Mediterranean Europe: Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna (Malvaceae) in the suburban area of Palermo (NW Sicily, Italy). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid, 71(2):e010. DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2387
Pirone C., Johnson J.V., Quirke J.M.E., Priestap H.A., Lee D., 2010. The animal pigment bilirubin identified in Strelitzia reginae, the bird of paradise flower. HortScience, 45(9):1411-1415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.45.9.1411
Pirone C., Quirke J.M.E., Priestap H.A., Lee D.W., 2009. Animal pigment bilirubin discovered in plants. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131(8):2830-2830. DOI: 10.1021/ja809065g
Raimondo F.M., Domina G., 2007. Two new Mimosaceae naturalized in Italy. Fl. Medit., 17:209-216. http://www1.unipa.it/herbmed/flora/17-209.pdf
Raimondo F.M., Fici S., 1991. Nuovi reperti per la flora esotica della Sicilia. Naturalista Sicil., s. 4, 15(3-4):155-160.
Regel (Von) E.A., Körnicke F. 1858. Strelitzia nicolai Rgl. et Körn. Gartenflora, 7:265-267, table 235.Regel (von) E.A., Körnicke F.A., 1858. 1. Originalabhandlungen. 1) Abgebildete Pflanzen. a) Strelitzia Nicolai Rgl. & Körn. In: Regel E. (ed.), Gartenflora - Allgemeine Monatschrift für deutsche, russische und schweizerische Garden- und Blumenkunde, vol. 7. Erlangen: Verlag von Ferdinand Enke, 265-267, plate 235.
Rejmánek M., Pitcairn M.J. 2002. When is eradication of exotic plant pests a realistic goal? In: Veitch C.R., Clout M.N. (eds.), ‘Turning the Tide: The Eradication of Invasive Species’. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, pp. 249–253. http://www.issg.org/database/species/reference_files/onoaca/Rejmanek.pdf
Speciale M., Domina G., 2016. On the real identity of the Strelitzia cultivated in Sicily’s historic gardens. Webbia, 71(2):1-3. DOI: 10.1080/00837792.2016.1191180
Tenore M. 1845. Catalogo delle piante che si coltivano nel R. Orto Botanico di Napoli. Napoli: Tip.[ografia] dell’Aquila.
Todaro A. 1885. Index seminum Horti Regii Botanici Panormitani an.[no] MDCCCLXXXIV qua pro mutua commutatione offeruntur. Palermo: publisher unknown.
Turland N.J., Wiersema J. H., Barrie F. R., Greuter W., Hawksworth D. L., Herendeen P. S., Knapp S., Kusber W.-H., Li D.-Z., Marhold K., May T. W., McNeill J., Monro A. M., Prado J., Price M. J., Smith G.F. (eds.) 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress (Shenzhen, China, July 2017). Regnum Vegetabile, 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Van der Venter H.A., Small J.G.C., Robbertse P.J., 1975. Notes on the distribution and comparative leaf morphology of the acaulescent species of Strelitzia Aiton. J. S. Afr. Bot., 41(1):1-16.
Villari R., Zaccone R., 1999. Paraserianthes lophantha (Willd.) J. Nielsen (Mimosaceae) a new alien species naturalised to Sicily. Fl. Medit., 9:287-290. https://www.herbmedit.org/flora/9-287.pdf
Wright C.H., 1913. Strelitzia Aiton. In: Thiselton-Dyer W.T. (ed.), ‘Flora Capensis, being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal (and neighbouring territories) by various botanists’. Vol. 5, Section 3 (Hydrocharideae to Scitamineae). London: Lovell, Reeve and Co. LTD; p.316-319.
Yamburov M.S., Astafurova T.P., Zharnakhova E.Y., Romanova S.B., Smolina V.M., Khotskova L.V., 2016. Reproductive biology of Strelitzia nicolai and Strelitzia reginae in the conditions of a greenhouse. RJPBCS, 7(2):309-316.