Vol. 78 No. 2 (2023)
Articles

Applications of leaf architecture characters in delineating selected species and infraspecific taxa of Genus Cucumis L. (Cucurbitaceae)

PDF
  • Lailani A. Masungsong,
  • Maria Celeste Banaticla-Hilario,
  • Marilyn M. Belarmino,
  • Inocencio E. Buot Jr.
Lailani A. Masungsong
Plant Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna
Maria Celeste Banaticla-Hilario
Plant Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna
Marilyn M. Belarmino
Genetic Resource Division, Hortanova Research Center, East West Seed Company Inc., Lipa City Batangas
Inocencio E. Buot Jr.
Plant Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/jopt-14833

Published 2023-10-10

Keywords

  • Cucumis,
  • Cucurbitaceae,
  • leaf architecture,
  • leaf venation,
  • species delineation

How to Cite

Masungsong, L. A., Banaticla-Hilario, M. C., Belarmino, M. M., & Buot Jr., I. E. (2023). Applications of leaf architecture characters in delineating selected species and infraspecific taxa of Genus Cucumis L. (Cucurbitaceae). Webbia, 78(2), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.36253/jopt-14833

Copyright (c) 2023 Lailani A. Masungsong, Maria Celeste Banaticla-Hilario, Marilyn M. Belarmino, Inocencio E. Buot Jr.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Leaf venation characters of twelve (12) Cucumis taxa, comprised of eight species, three subspecies, and three varieties were examined to determine patterns of leaf architectural characters and delineate these accessions at the species, subspecies, and variety level. The leaf architecture of twenty-seven accessions representing six taxa were examined and described in this study. Additionally, data on the leaf architecture of another six taxa (represented by 57 accessions) published by Masungsong et al. (2022) were incorporated in the analysis. Results revealed that the twelve (12) taxa of Cucumis primarily varied in blade class, apex angle, primary vein size, secondary vein spacing, tertiary vein angle to primary vein, and areole development. These variations were found consistent with Cucumis species examined in previous studies. A dichotomous key was constructed for the twelve Cucumis taxa using leaf characters derived. Cluster analysis (based on UPGMA) formed two major clusters at 0.130 Gower distance. Cluster I includes Cucumis melo subsp. melo, C. pustulatus, C. melo var. flexuosus, C. melo subsp. agrestis, and C, melo var. texanus which exhibited secondary vein spacing that increases towards the base. while Cluster II is composed of the remaining Cucumis taxa, all displaying irregular secondary vein spacing. Furthermore, sub-clusters were formed based on tertiary vein angle in relation to primary vein, blade class, apex angle, and primary vein size. Results showed that utilizing leaf architecture is an effective technique to describe, characterize and delineate closely related taxa with many similar characters.

PDF

References

  1. Antonio MA, Buot Jr. IE (2021) Characterization and delineation of two infraspecific taxa of Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill: The leaf architecture approach. Biodiversitas 22: 1783-1789. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220423
  2. Averion-Masungsong L, Buot Jr. IE (2020) Resolving Taxonomic Confusion through Leaf Architecture: The Case of Genus Cucumis L. J New Biol Rep 9(1): 86 – 93. DOI: https://www.researchtrend.net/jnbr/pdf/Resolving%20Taxonomic%20Confusion%20through%20Leaf%20Architecture.pdf
  3. Baltazar AMP, Buot Jr. IE (2019) Resolving Taxonomic Confusion between Hoya cumingiana Decne. and Hoya densifolia Turcz. (Apocynaceae) using Leaf Architectural Analysis. The Thail Nat His Mus J 13(2): 77-89.
  4. Baroga JB, Buot Jr. IE (2014) Leaf architecture of ten species of Philippine Terminalia Linn. (Combretaceae). Int Res J Biol Sci. 3: 83-88.
  5. Buot, Jr. IE (2020) Leaf Architecture as a Promising Tool in Confirming Identity of Confusing Plant Taxa. Journal of Nature Studies. 19(1), 134-143.
  6. Celadiña DA, Buot Jr. IE, Madulid DA, Evangelista TT, Tandang DA (2012) Leaf architecture of selected Philippine Cinnamomum Schaeff. (Lauraceae) species. The Thail Nat His Mus J 6: 89-111.
  7. Chen Y, Nelson RL (2004) Evaluation and Classification of Leaflet Shape and Size in Wild Soybean. Crop Sci. 44:671–677. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.6710
  8. Conda JM, Buot Jr. IE, Escobin RP (2017) Leaf Architecture of Selected Philippine Diplazium Swartz Species (Athyriaceae). The Thail Nat His Mus J 11(2): 57-75
  9. da Silva NR, Florindo JB, Gomez MC, Rossatto DR, Kolb RM, Bruno OM (2015) Plant Identification Based on Leaf Midrib Cross-Section Images Using Fractal Descriptors. PLoS ONE 10(6). doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.01300142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130014
  10. Ellis B, Daly DC, Hickey LJ, Johnson KR, Mitchell JD, Wilf P, Wing SL (2009) Manual of Leaf Architecture. The New York Botanical Garden Press, Ithaca, New York. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845935849.0000
  11. Hickey LJ (1973) Classification of the architecture of dicotyledonous leaves. Am J Bot 60: 17-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1973.tb10192.x
  12. Huiet L, Li FW, Kao TT, Prado J, Smith AR, Schuettpelz E, Pryer, KM (2018) A worldwide phylogeny Adiantum (Pteridaceae) reveals remarkable convergent evolution in leaf blade architecture. TAXON 67 (3): 488–502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/673.3
  13. Jumawan JH, Buot Jr. IE (2016) Numerical taxonomic analysis in leaf architectural traits of some Hoya R. BR. species (Apocynaceae) from Philippines. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 23 (2): 199-207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v23i2.30851
  14. Kpadehyea JT, IE Buot Jr (2014) Leaf architecture of two species and nine infraspecific taxa of the Philippine Mussaenda Linn. (Rubiaceae): Conservation concerns. International Research Journal 101 of Biological Sciences 3(10): 13−21.
  15. Leaf Architecture Working Group (LAWG) (1999) Manual of Leaf Architecture Morphological Description and Categorization of Dicotyledonous and Net-veined Monocotyledonous angiosperms. Smithsonian Institute, Washington DC.
  16. Lin Y, Wong WO, Shi G, Shen S, Li Z (2015) Bilobate leaves of Bauhinia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae) from the middle Miocene of Fujian Province, southeastern China and their biogeographic implications. BMC Evolutionary Biology 15:252. doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0540-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0540-9
  17. Lu H, Jiang W, Ghiassi M, Lee S, Nitin M (2012) Classification of Camellia (Theaceae) Species Using Leaf Architecture Variations and Pattern Recognition Techniques. PLoS ONE 7(1): e29704. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029704. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029704
  18. Mantovani A, Pereira TE, Coelho MAN (2009) Leaf midrib outline as a diagnostic character for taxonomy in Anthurium section Urospadix subsection Flavescentiviridia (Araceae). Hoehnea 36(2): 269-277, 2 tab., 28 fig. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S2236-89062009000200005
  19. Masungsong LA, Belarmino MM, Buot Jr. IE (2019a) Delineation of the selected Cucumis L. species and accessions using leaf architecture characters. Biodiversitas 20: 629-635. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200303
  20. Masungsong LA, Torreta NK, Belarmino MM, Borromeo TH, Buot Jr. IE (2019b). Leaf Architectural Variations among Species and Accessions of Genus Cucumis L. The Thailand Natural History Museum Journal 13(2): 91-101.
  21. Masungsong LA, Alcala AA, Buot IE Jr., Belarmino MM (2022) Classifying fifty-seven Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae) accessions into six species using leaf architectural traits. Biodiversitas 23: 4006-4017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230819
  22. Nandyal SS, Anami BS, Govardhan A (2013) Base and apex angles and margin types-based identification and classification from medicinal plants’ leaves images. Intl J Comput Vis Robotics 3: 197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCVR.2013.056040
  23. Nelson T, Dengler N (1997) Leaf vascular pattern formation. Plant Cell 9: 1121-1135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.9.7.1121
  24. Paguntalan DP, Buot Jr. IE (2019) Short Communication: Investigation of leaf architectural patterns: Implications in delineating taxonomically controversial Hoya merrillii Schlechter and Hoya quinquenervia Warburg. Biodiversitas 20: 833-839. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200329
  25. Pulan DE, Buot Jr. IE (2014) Leaf Architecture of Philippine Shorea species (Dipterocarpaceae). International Research Journal of Biological Sciences. Vol. 3(5), 19-26.
  26. Rao SRS, Rao SS (2015) Leaf Architectural Studies in Some Cucurbitaceae. J. Indian Botanical Society Vol. 94 (1 & 2): 64-72.
  27. Roth-Nebelsick A, Uhl D, Mosbrugger V, Kerp H (2001) Evolution and function of leaf venation architecture: A review. Annals of Botany 87(5): 553−566. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2001.1391
  28. Salvaña FRP, Buot Jr. IE (2014) Leaf architectural study of Hoya coriacea, Hoya halconensis and Hoya buotii (Apocynaceae). Intl Res J Biol Sci 3: 37-44.
  29. Salvaña FRP, Gruezo WSm, Hadsall AS (2018) Recent Taxonomic Notes and New Distribution Localities of Podocarpus Pers. Species in the Philippines. The Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, No. 16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24823/Sibbaldia.2018.250
  30. Tan JMP, Buot Jr. IE (2018) Delineating Two Species Hoya benguetensis Schltr. and Hoya ilagiorum Kloppenb., Siar & Cajano (Apocynaceae): A Leaf Architectural Approach. The Thail Nat His Mus J 12(2): 103-109.
  31. Torrefiel JT, Buot Jr. IE (2017) Hoya carandangiana, Hoya bicolensis, and Hoya camphorifolia (Apocynaceae) species delineation: Insights from leaf architecture. Thail Nat His Mus J 11: 35-44.
  32. Villareal AMM, Buot Jr. IE (2015) Leaf Architecture of Hoya incrassata Warb. and Hoya crassicaulis Elmer x Kloppenb. (Apocynaceae): Taxonomic Identification and Conservation Concerns. IAMURE International Journal of Ecology and Conservation Vol 15: 203-213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7718/ijec.v15i1.1002
  33. Yang K., Wu J, Li X. Pang X, Yuan Y, Qi G, Yang M (2022) Intraspecific leaf morphological variation in Quercus dentata Thunb.: a comparison of traditional and geometric morphometric methods, a pilot study. J. For. Res.: doi.org/10.1007/s11676-022-01452-x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-022-01452-x
  34. Zhang Z, Xia N, Gornall RJ (2015) Leaf venation patterns in the genus Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae). Phytotaxa 221 (2): 123–136. doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.221.2.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.221.2.2