Vol. 79 No. 2 (2024)
Articles

Xylopia nilotica (Annonaceae) in Ethiopia, Sudan, South Sudan, and Uganda, with a review of the genus in North Eastern Tropical Africa

PDF
  • Ib Friis,
  • Odile Weber
Ib Friis
Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universietsparken 15-DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
Bio
Odile Weber
Musée national d'histoire naturelle, Luxembourg
Bio
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/jopt-16134

Published 2024-09-03

Keywords

  • Annonaceae,
  • conservation,
  • modelled distribution,
  • Nile Basin,
  • North Eastern Tropical Africa,
  • Xylopia
    • ...More
    Less

How to Cite

Friis, I., & Weber, O. (2024). Xylopia nilotica (Annonaceae) in Ethiopia, Sudan, South Sudan, and Uganda, with a review of the genus in North Eastern Tropical Africa. Webbia, 79(2), 239–254. https://doi.org/10.36253/jopt-16134

Copyright (c) 2024 Ib Friis, Odile Weber

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Funding data

Abstract

Based on written records and specimens of the new species, Xylopia nilotica D. M. Johnson & N. A. Murray (2018), described from Uganda and west of the Nile in Sudan and South Sudan, we have mapped the species. We find that it also occurs east of the Nile in South Sudan and in western Ethiopia. Its habitats range from open rain forest to open woodland. Modelling the potential distribution of X. nilotica suggests that it occurs in the periphery of the upper Nile basin, but it is probably undercollected. The potential distributions of X. longipetala (a Guineo-Congolian species) and X. holtzii Engl. (an East African coastal species), distinct but previously considered conspecific with X. nilotica, only marginally overlap with that of X. nilotica, which is endemic to the countries Uganda, South Sudan, Sudan, and Ethiopia, apparently a unique pattern of endemism. The new information does not change the assessment of X. nilotica as Vulnerable (VU). Other species of Xylopia in North Eastern Tropical Africa are X. rubescens Oliver and X. thomsonii Oliver in the Equatoria region of South Sudan, and X. rubescens, X. staudtii Engl. & Diels, and X. aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. in Uganda. A record of X. aethiopica in Ethiopia is based on false label information on the only known specimen.

PDF

References

  1. Andrews FW. 1950. The flowering plants of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Vol. 1. (Cycadaceae-Tiliaceae). T. Bunckle & Co., Arbroath, Scotland.
  2. Beentje H, Smith S. 2001. FTEA and after. Systematics and Geography of Plants. 71(2): 265-290. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3668673
  3. Bentham G. 1862. On African Annonaceae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 23(3): 463–480.
  4. Broun AF, Massey RE. 1929. Flora of the Sudan. Sudan Government Office, London.
  5. Cosiaux A, Couvreur TLP, Erkens RHJ. 2019. Xylopia nilotica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T137097225A137112214. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T137097225A137112214.en. Accessed on 23 April 2024.
  6. Darbyshire I, Kordofani M, Farag I, Candiga R, Pickering H. 2015. The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan. An annotated Checklist. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  7. De Wildeman É, Durand T. 1899. Contributions a la flore du Congo, Sér. 2. 1(1): 1–72.
  8. Demissew S, Friis I, Weber O. 2021. Diversity and endemism of the flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea: state of knowledge and future perspective. Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali. 32: 675–697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-021-01027-8
  9. Eggeling WJ, Dale IR. 1951. The Indigenous trees of the Uganda Protectorate. 2nd Edition. Crown Agents, London.
  10. El Amin H. 1990. Trees and shrubs of the Sudan. Ithake Press, Exeter.
  11. Exell AW. 1926. Mr. John Gossweiler’s plants from Angola and Portuguese Congo. Journal of Botany. 64 (suppl.): 2–11.
  12. Friis I. 1992. Forests and forest trees of Northeast Tropical Africa. Their habitats and distribution patterns in Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Somalia. Kew Bulletin Additional Series. 15: i–iv, 1–396.
  13. Friis I. 2009a. The scientific study of the flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea up to the beginning of the Ethiopian Flora Project (1980). In: Hedberg I, Friis I, Persson E. (Eds.), Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Vol. 8 General part and index to vols 1–7: 5–35. Addis Ababa, Uppsala.
  14. Friis I. 2009b. Collectors of botanical specimens from the flora area mentioned in the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. In Hedberg I, Friis I, Persson E. (Eds.), Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Vol. 8 General part and index to vols 1–7: 97–133. Addis Ababa, Uppsala.
  15. Friis I, Breugel P. van, Weber O, Demissew S. 2022. The Western Woodlands of Ethiopia Scientia Danica. Series B, Biologica. 9: 1–521.
  16. Friis I, Demissew S, Breugel P van. 2010. Atlas of the Potential Vegetation of Ethiopia. Biologiske Skrifter [Kongl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab]. 58: 1–308.
  17. Friis I, Demissew S, Thulin M. 2024. Inga Hedberg (1927–2024) - inspirational driving force in tropical African botany for 60 years. Webbia. 79(1): 3–18. https://doi.org/10.36253/jopt-15945
  18. Friis I, Phillips SM, Gilbert MG, Challen G, Schrire B, Demissew S, Bidgood S. 2011. New additions to the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea in the families Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae (Leguminosae), Lamiaceae, Campanulaceae, Eriocaulaceae and Poaceae. Symbolae botanicae Upsalienses. 35(2): 107–128.
  19. Friis I, Vollesen K. 1998. Flora of the Sudan-Uganda border area east of the Nile, 1. Catalogue of Vascular Plants, 1st part. Biologiske Skrifter [Kongl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab]. 51(1): 1–389.
  20. Friis I, Wilmot-Dear M, Edmondson JR, Wondafrash M, Demissew S. 2013. The genus Plumbago (Plumbaginaceae) in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Webbia. 67(2): 157–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2012.10670916
  21. Hamilton A. 1981. A field guide to Uganda Forest trees. Makerere University, Kampala.
  22. Harrison MN, Jackson JK. 1958. Ecological classification of the vegetation of the Sudan. Forest Bulletin for the Sudan. NS. 2: 1–45, and coloured vegetation map.
  23. Hutchinson J, Dalziel JM. 1927a. Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 1(1). The crown agents for the colonies, London.
  24. Hutchinson J, Dalziel JM. 1927b. Tropical African plants: I. Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. 1927: 150–157. https://doi.org/10.2307/4107589
  25. Jackson JK. 1956. The Vegetation of the Imatong Mountains, Sudan. Journal of Ecology. 44(2): 341–374.
  26. Johnson DM, Luke, Q, Goyder, DJ, Murray NA.2017. New species of Xylopia (Annonaceae) from East Africa. Kew Bulletin. 72(1): 1-13. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44989841
  27. Johnson DM, Murray NA. 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys. 97: 1–252. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975
  28. Küper W, Sommer JH, Lovett JC, Barthlott W. 2006. Deficiency in plant distribution data in Africa – missing pieces of the puzzle. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 150: 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00494.x
  29. Linder HP. 2001. Plant Diversity and Endemism in Sub-Saharan Tropical Africa. Journal of Biogeography. 28(2): 169–182. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2656095
  30. Maas, PJM, Heusden ECH van, Koek-Norman, J, Setten, AK van, Westra, LYT. 1986. Studies in Annonaceae. VII. New species from the Neotropics and miscellaneous notes. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. C 89(3): 249-278.
  31. Masresha G, Melkamu Y, Mul G. 2024. Woody Species Composition, Structure, and Status of Regeneration in Pugnido Forest, Gambella Region, Western Ethiopia. Hindawi Scientifica Volume 2024, Article ID 3961434, 15 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3961434
  32. Nakakaawa CA, Vedeld PO, Aune JB. 2011. Spatial and temporal land use and carbon stock changes in Uganda: implications for a future REDD strategy. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 16: 25–62.
  33. Phillips SJ, Anderson RP, Schapire RE. 2006. Maximum entropy modelling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling. 190(3–4): 231–259.
  34. Phillips SJ, Dudík M, Schapire RE. 2024. Maxent software for modelling species niches and distributions (Version 3.4.4). Available from url: http://biodiversityinformatics.amnh.org/open_source/maxent/. (Accessed on 12 April 2024).
  35. Polhill, D. 1988. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Index of collecting localities. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  36. Reid, ETM. 1952. Game Notes From Yei and Moru Districts. Sudan Wild Life and Sport. 2(3): 29–39. https://sudanarchive.net/?a=d&d=UNEP19520700-04.1.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN%7ctxTI%7ctxAU-----------
  37. Senbeta F, Woldemariam T, Demissew S, Denich M. 2007. Floristic diversity and composition of Sheko Forest, Southwest Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences. 6(1): 11–42.
  38. Sosef MSM, Dauby G, Blach-Overgaard A, Burgt X van der, Catarino L, Damen T, Deblauwe V, Dessein S, Dransfield J, Droissart V, Duarte MC, Engledow H, Fadeur G, Figueira R, Gereau RE, Hardy OJ, Harris DJ, Heij J de, Janssens S, Klomberg Y, Alexandra C, Ley AC, Mackinder BA, Meerts P, Jeike L, Poel JL van de, Sonké B, Stévart T, Stoffelen P, Svenning J-C, Sepulchre P, Zaiss R, Wieringa JJ, Couvreur TLP. 2017. Exploring the floristic diversity of tropical Africa. BioMedCentral Biology. 15, Article number 15: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-017-0356-8
  39. Spruce R. 1860. On the mode of branching in some Amazon trees. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 5: 3–14.
  40. Thiers B. [continuously updated]. Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/
  41. Uhlig S et al. 2003–2014. Encyclopaedia Aethiopica. Vol. 1: A–C; Vol. 2: D–Ha; Vol 3: He–N; Vol 4: O–X; Vol 5: Y–Z, Addenda, corrigenda. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden.
  42. Vallot J. 1882. Etudes de la flore du Sénégal. I. Renonculacées - VIII. Capparidées. Bulletin de la Société botanique de France. 29: 206–239.
  43. Vegter IH. 1983. Index Herbariorum. Part II(5). Collectors. N–R. Regnum Vegetabile. 109: 577–803.
  44. Verdcourt B. 1971. Annonaceae. In: Milne-Redhead E, Polhill RM (Eds.), Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents, London.
  45. Verdcourt B. 2000. Annonaceae. In: Edwards S, Tadesse M, Demissew S, Hedberg I. (Eds.), Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(1): 3–12. Addis Ababa and Uppsala.
  46. Weber O, Atinafe E, Awas T, Friis I. 2020. Euphorbia venefica Trémaux ex Kotschy (Euphorbiaceae) and other shrub-like cylindrically stemmed Euphorbia with spirally arranged single spines. Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois. 122 : 57–82.
  47. White F. 1983. The vegetation of Africa. A descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO/AETFAT/ UNSO vegetation map of Africa. With 4 coloured vegetation maps (1:5,000,000). Natural Resources Research. 20: 1–356. Map 1–4.
  48. Woube M. 1995. Ethnobotany and the economic role of selected plant species in Gambela, Ethiopia. Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 28(1): 69–86.