Articles
Published 2020-11-18
Keywords
- Cajanus,
- Flemingia,
- Moghania,
- Fabaceae,
- distribution
- India,
- taxonomy ...More
How to Cite
Kisan Gavade, S., van der Maesen, L. J. G., & Madhwanand Lekhak, M. (2020). Taxonomic revision of the genus Flemingia (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) in India. Webbia, 75(2), 141–218. https://doi.org/10.36253/jopt-8767
Abstract
Indian Flemingia species are grouped under five subgenera, namely Chalaria, Flemingiastrum, Lepidocoma, Ostryodium and Rhynchosioides. Here, we revise the taxonomy of the genus (excluding subg. Rhynchosioides) based on the study of live material and preserved specimens. We report 21 species and one variety (22 taxa) in India, of which one variety is endemic, i.e. F. praecox var. robusta. All the taxa have been described, illustrated and their ecology discussed. In the process, twelve binomials (F. angustifolia, F. blancoana, F. chappar, F. congesta, F. grahamiana, F. latifolia, F. macrophylla, F. nudiflora, F. paniculata, F. stricta, F. wallichii and F. wightiana) and one trinomial (F. praecox var. robusta) are lectotypified. F. sericans and F. stricta subsp. pteropus are proposed as new synonyms for F. macrophylla and F. stricta, respectively. F. parviflora, an Australian species, is recorded for India. F. strobilifera var. nudiflora is raised to the species level and a new combination proposed, i.e. F. nudiflora. F. tiliacea is relegated to the synonymy of F. nudiflora. A taxonomic key for the subgenera and species therein is provided for easy identification. Additionally, distributional maps for the genus and species are given.
References
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Vol. 2. Reeve and Co., London. p. 56–306.
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Bentham G. 1864. Flora Australiensis: a description of the plants of the Australian territory. Vol. 2. Reeve and Co., London. p. 268–269.
Bentham G. 1865. Flemingia. In: Bentham G, Hooker, JD. Editors. Genera Plantarum. Vol. 1. Reeve and Co., London, p. 544.
Cooke T. 1902. The Flora of the Presidency of Bombay. Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, London. p. 389–394.
Craib WG. 1911. Contributions to the Flora of Siam. II. List of Siamese plants, with descriptions of new species. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 49:42–43.
De Sornay 1916. Green Manures and Manuring in the Tropics Including an Account of the Economic Value of Leguminosae as Sources of Foodstuffs, Vegetable Oils, Drugs, and Co. John Bale, Sons and Danielsson, Ltd. Oxford House 83-91, Great Titchfield Street, Oxford Street, W. London. p. 374.
Do TV, Gao X. 2020. Taxonomic revision of the genus Flemingia (Leguminosae) from Indo-Chinese floristic region. Phytotaxa 429 (1): 1–38.
Do TV, Xu B, Gao X. 2018a. New synonyms, lectotypifications and taxonomical notes on the genus Flemingia (Phaseoleae, Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) from Thai-Indochinese floristic region. Phytotaxa 351 (1): 41–52.
Do TV, Xu B, Gao X. 2018b. A new species and new records of Flemingia (Fabaceae) from Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici 56: 41–48.
Dymock W, Warden CJH, Hooper D. 1890. Pharmacographia Indica. Vol. 1. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co., London. p. 423.
Fawcett W, Rendle AB. 1920. Flora of Jamaica. Vol. 4. London: British Museum (Natural History). p. 75.
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Forman LL. 1997. Notes concerning the typification of names of William Roxburgh’s species of phanerogams. Kew Bull. 52: 513–534.
Gamble JS. 1928. Flora of the Presidency of Madras. Vol. 1. Adlard and Son, limited, 21, Hart Street, W.O., London. p. 376–379.
Gavade SK, Lekhak MM. 2015. Neotypification of Flemingia rollae (Leguminosae). Phytotaxa 212: 173–174.
Gavade SK, Nandikar MD, Shimpale VB, Lekhak MM. 2016a. A new location for a rare legume Flemingia rollae (Family: Fabaceae) and notes on its typification. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.113: 48–49.
Gavade SK, Van der Maesen LJG, Lekhak MM. 2016b. Lectotypifications in Flemingia (Leguminosae). Rheedea. 26 (1): 74–76.
Gavade SK, Van der Maesen LJG, Lekhak MM. 2017. Flemingia sootepensis (Leguminosae): its occurrence in India, notes on identity and typification. Phytotaxa. 328: 283–290.
Haines HH. 1922. Botany of Bihar and Orissa. Vol. 3. Adlard and Sons and West Newman Ltd., London. pp. 267–270.
Hance HF. 1878. Spicilegia Florae Sinensis. J. Bot. 16: 10.
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Junghuhn F. 1845. Reise Java. Topografische und Naturwissenschaftliche Reise durch Java. Magdeburg. p. 338.
Kothari MJ. 2001. Leguminosae. In: Singh NP, Karthikeyan S. Editors. Flora of Maharashtra State: Dicotyledons. Vol. 1. Flora of India Series 2. Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India. p. 683–689.
Khanna KK, Kumar A. 2001. Flemingia stricta Roxb. subsp. pteropus (Baker) K.K. Khanna & Anand Kumar, comb. et stat. nov. and its occurrence in India. Indian J. Forest. 24(2): 223.
Kuntze O. 1891. Revisio Generum Plantarum. Vol. 1. Arthur Felix, Leipzig. p. 199.
Kurz S. 1877. Forest flora of British Burma. Vol. 1. Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. p. 370–376.
Lewis G, Schrire B, Mackinder B, Lock M. 2005. Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. p. 413.
Li HL 1944. On Flemingia Roxburgh (1812), Non Roxburgh (1803) Versus Moghania J. St.-Hilaire (1813). Amer. J. Bot. 31(4): 224–228.
Linnaeus C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Vol. 2. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm. p. 746.
Linnaeus C. 1759. Systema Naturae. Vol. 2. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm. p. 1170.
Mabberley DJ. 2017. Mabberley’s Plant-Book, A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Merrill ED. 1910. An enumeration of Philippine Leguminosae, with keys to the genera and species. Philipp. J Sci. 5: 130.
Merrill ED, Rolfe RA. 1908. Notes on Philippine Botany. Philipp. J. Sci. 3(3): 103.
McNeill J, Barrie FR, Buck WR, Demoulin V, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS, Knapp S, Marhold K, Prado J, et al., editors. 2012. International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. - Regnum Veg. 154. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag.
Mukherjee AK. 1993. Leguminosae. In: Verma DM, Balakrishnan NP, Dixit RD. Editors. Flora of Madhya Pradesh. Vol. 1. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. p. 354–360.
Mukerjee SK. 1953. The genus Moghania St.-Hill. in India and Burma. Bull. Bot. Soc. Beng. 6: 7–24.
Niyomdham C. 1992. Notes on Thai and Indo-Chinese Phaseoleae (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). Nordic J. Bot. 12: 339–346.
Nguyen V.T. 1979. Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viet-nam. Vol. 17. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. p. 138–154.
Persoon CH. 1807. Synopsis plantarum, seu Enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum. Vol. 2. C.F. Cramer, Paris. p. 318.
Prain D. 1897. Noviciae Indicae XV: Some additional Leguminosae. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 66 (2): 436–442.
Prain D. 1903. Bengal plants: A list of the phanerogams, ferns and fern-allies indigenous to, or commonly cultivated in, the lower provinces and Chittagong, with definitions of the natural orders and genera, and keys to the genera and species. Vol. 1. West Newman, Calcutta. p. 375–378.
Roxburgh W. 1814. Hortus Bengalensis, or a Catalogue of the Plants Growing in the Hounourable East India Company's Botanical Garden at Calcutta. The Mission press, Serampore. p. 56.
Roxburgh W. 1820. Plants of the coast of Coromandel. Vol 3. Bulmer and Co., London. p. 44–45.
Roxburgh W. 1832. Flora Indica. Vol 1. Thacker & Co., Serampore. p. 337–342.
Rudd VE. 1970. (303) Proposal to Conserve the Generic Name 3899 Flemingia Roxburgh ex W. T. Aiton (1812) (Leguminosae) vs. 7914 Flemingia Roxburgh ex Rottler (1803) (Acanthaceae) and Lourea ('Luorea') Necker ex Jaume St.-Hilaire (Dec. 1812) (Leguminosae). Taxon 19(2): 294–297.
Sa Ren, Gilbert M G. 2010. Flemingia. In: Zhang, L.B. (Ed.) Flora of China, Science Press Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, 10: 232–237.
Sanjappa M. 1992. Legumes of India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun. p. 175–179.
Satyanarayana P. 1993. A taxonomic revision of the tribe Cajaninae (Fabaceae) in India. Thesis submitted to the Calcutta University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D. in Botany).
Saxena HO, Brahman M. 1994. The Flora of Orissa. Vol. 1. Orissa Forest Development Corporation Ltd, Bhubaneswar. p. 524–533.
Singh HB, Arora RK. 1978. Wild edible plants of India. ICAR, New Delhi, India, 8.
Schrire B. 1997: In Turland N, Jarvis, CE. (editors). Typification of Linnaean specific and varietal names in the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). Taxon 46: 471.
Stafleu FA, Cowan R.S. 1976–1988. Taxonomic literature: a selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Vols. 1–7. Bohn, Scheltema and Holkema.
Talbot WA. 1909. Forest flora of Bombay Presidency and Sindhudurg. Vol. 1. Poona. p. 417–421.
The Plant List 2013. Version 1.1. Published on the Internet: http://www.theplantlist.org/ (accessed 28.12.2018).
Turland NJ, Wiersema JH, Barrie FR, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS, Knapp S, Kusber WH, Li D, Marhold K, et al. 2017. International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). [cited 2018 Sept 21]. https://www.iapt-taxon. org/nomen/main.php
Turner IM. 2014. John Fleming, William Roxburgh and the Catalogue of Indian Medicinal Plants and Drugs. Kew Bulletin 69-1: 1-13.
Van der Maesen LJG. 1986. Cajanus DC. and Atylosia W. & A. (Leguminosae). A revision of all taxa closely related to the pigeonpea, with notes on other related genera within the subtribe Cajaninae. Agricultural University Wageningen Papers. 85(4): 1–225.
Van der Maesen LJG. 2012. The correct name for Flemingia involucrata Wall. ex Benth. (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). Webbia 67(1): 33–36.
Voss EG. 1973. General Committee Report, 1972. 22(2/3): 313.
Wallich N. 1831. Numerical list of dried specimens of plants in the Museum of the Honl. East India Company. Calcutta. p.197–198.
Wight R. 1843. Icones Plantarum Indiae Orientalis. Vol. 2(1). P.R. Hunt. American Mission Press. p. 1, 2 and 7.
Wight R. 1846. Icones Plantarum Indiae Orientalis. Vol 3. P. R. Hunt. American Mission Press. p. 9.
Wight R, Walker–Arnott GA. 1834. Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis. Vol.1. Parbury, Allen and Co. London. p. 241–243.
Ali SI. 1977. Papilionaceae. In: Nasir E, Ali SI. editors. Flora of West Pakistan. Vol. 100. Karachi, Pakistan. p. 1–389.
Almeida MR. 1998. Flemingia and Lepidocoma. In: Flora of Maharashtra. Vol. 2. Orient Press, Mumbai, India. p. 77–80 & 103–105.
Anonymous 1956. Wealth of India (F–G). Vol. 4. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi. p. 45–48.
Babu CR. 1977. Herbaceous Flora of Dehradun. Publications and Information Directorate, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi. p. 148–150.
Baker JG. 1876. Leguminosae. In: Hooker JD, editor. The Flora of British India.
Vol. 2. Reeve and Co., London. p. 56–306.
Bentham G. 1852. Leguminosae. In: Miquel, FAW, editor. Plantae Junghuhnianae. Vol. 2. AW Sythoff, Leiden. p. 244–247.
Bentham G. 1864. Flora Australiensis: a description of the plants of the Australian territory. Vol. 2. Reeve and Co., London. p. 268–269.
Bentham G. 1865. Flemingia. In: Bentham G, Hooker, JD. Editors. Genera Plantarum. Vol. 1. Reeve and Co., London, p. 544.
Cooke T. 1902. The Flora of the Presidency of Bombay. Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, London. p. 389–394.
Craib WG. 1911. Contributions to the Flora of Siam. II. List of Siamese plants, with descriptions of new species. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 49:42–43.
De Sornay 1916. Green Manures and Manuring in the Tropics Including an Account of the Economic Value of Leguminosae as Sources of Foodstuffs, Vegetable Oils, Drugs, and Co. John Bale, Sons and Danielsson, Ltd. Oxford House 83-91, Great Titchfield Street, Oxford Street, W. London. p. 374.
Do TV, Gao X. 2020. Taxonomic revision of the genus Flemingia (Leguminosae) from Indo-Chinese floristic region. Phytotaxa 429 (1): 1–38.
Do TV, Xu B, Gao X. 2018a. New synonyms, lectotypifications and taxonomical notes on the genus Flemingia (Phaseoleae, Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) from Thai-Indochinese floristic region. Phytotaxa 351 (1): 41–52.
Do TV, Xu B, Gao X. 2018b. A new species and new records of Flemingia (Fabaceae) from Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici 56: 41–48.
Dymock W, Warden CJH, Hooper D. 1890. Pharmacographia Indica. Vol. 1. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co., London. p. 423.
Fawcett W, Rendle AB. 1920. Flora of Jamaica. Vol. 4. London: British Museum (Natural History). p. 75.
Firminger TA. 1930. Firminger's manual of gardening for India. Thacker Spink Co. Ltd., Calcutta. p. 572.
Forman LL. 1997. Notes concerning the typification of names of William Roxburgh’s species of phanerogams. Kew Bull. 52: 513–534.
Gamble JS. 1928. Flora of the Presidency of Madras. Vol. 1. Adlard and Son, limited, 21, Hart Street, W.O., London. p. 376–379.
Gavade SK, Lekhak MM. 2015. Neotypification of Flemingia rollae (Leguminosae). Phytotaxa 212: 173–174.
Gavade SK, Nandikar MD, Shimpale VB, Lekhak MM. 2016a. A new location for a rare legume Flemingia rollae (Family: Fabaceae) and notes on its typification. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.113: 48–49.
Gavade SK, Van der Maesen LJG, Lekhak MM. 2016b. Lectotypifications in Flemingia (Leguminosae). Rheedea. 26 (1): 74–76.
Gavade SK, Van der Maesen LJG, Lekhak MM. 2017. Flemingia sootepensis (Leguminosae): its occurrence in India, notes on identity and typification. Phytotaxa. 328: 283–290.
Haines HH. 1922. Botany of Bihar and Orissa. Vol. 3. Adlard and Sons and West Newman Ltd., London. pp. 267–270.
Hance HF. 1878. Spicilegia Florae Sinensis. J. Bot. 16: 10.
Hickey M, King, C. 2000. The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical terms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
ILDIS 2005. The International Legume Database & Information Service: World Database of Legumes. Version 10. Published on the Internet: http:// www.ildis.org/ (accessed 26.11.2018).
Junghuhn F. 1845. Reise Java. Topografische und Naturwissenschaftliche Reise durch Java. Magdeburg. p. 338.
Kothari MJ. 2001. Leguminosae. In: Singh NP, Karthikeyan S. Editors. Flora of Maharashtra State: Dicotyledons. Vol. 1. Flora of India Series 2. Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India. p. 683–689.
Khanna KK, Kumar A. 2001. Flemingia stricta Roxb. subsp. pteropus (Baker) K.K. Khanna & Anand Kumar, comb. et stat. nov. and its occurrence in India. Indian J. Forest. 24(2): 223.
Kuntze O. 1891. Revisio Generum Plantarum. Vol. 1. Arthur Felix, Leipzig. p. 199.
Kurz S. 1877. Forest flora of British Burma. Vol. 1. Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. p. 370–376.
Lewis G, Schrire B, Mackinder B, Lock M. 2005. Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. p. 413.
Li HL 1944. On Flemingia Roxburgh (1812), Non Roxburgh (1803) Versus Moghania J. St.-Hilaire (1813). Amer. J. Bot. 31(4): 224–228.
Linnaeus C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Vol. 2. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm. p. 746.
Linnaeus C. 1759. Systema Naturae. Vol. 2. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm. p. 1170.
Mabberley DJ. 2017. Mabberley’s Plant-Book, A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Merrill ED. 1910. An enumeration of Philippine Leguminosae, with keys to the genera and species. Philipp. J Sci. 5: 130.
Merrill ED, Rolfe RA. 1908. Notes on Philippine Botany. Philipp. J. Sci. 3(3): 103.
McNeill J, Barrie FR, Buck WR, Demoulin V, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS, Knapp S, Marhold K, Prado J, et al., editors. 2012. International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. - Regnum Veg. 154. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag.
Mukherjee AK. 1993. Leguminosae. In: Verma DM, Balakrishnan NP, Dixit RD. Editors. Flora of Madhya Pradesh. Vol. 1. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. p. 354–360.
Mukerjee SK. 1953. The genus Moghania St.-Hill. in India and Burma. Bull. Bot. Soc. Beng. 6: 7–24.
Niyomdham C. 1992. Notes on Thai and Indo-Chinese Phaseoleae (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). Nordic J. Bot. 12: 339–346.
Nguyen V.T. 1979. Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viet-nam. Vol. 17. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. p. 138–154.
Persoon CH. 1807. Synopsis plantarum, seu Enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum. Vol. 2. C.F. Cramer, Paris. p. 318.
Prain D. 1897. Noviciae Indicae XV: Some additional Leguminosae. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 66 (2): 436–442.
Prain D. 1903. Bengal plants: A list of the phanerogams, ferns and fern-allies indigenous to, or commonly cultivated in, the lower provinces and Chittagong, with definitions of the natural orders and genera, and keys to the genera and species. Vol. 1. West Newman, Calcutta. p. 375–378.
Roxburgh W. 1814. Hortus Bengalensis, or a Catalogue of the Plants Growing in the Hounourable East India Company's Botanical Garden at Calcutta. The Mission press, Serampore. p. 56.
Roxburgh W. 1820. Plants of the coast of Coromandel. Vol 3. Bulmer and Co., London. p. 44–45.
Roxburgh W. 1832. Flora Indica. Vol 1. Thacker & Co., Serampore. p. 337–342.
Rudd VE. 1970. (303) Proposal to Conserve the Generic Name 3899 Flemingia Roxburgh ex W. T. Aiton (1812) (Leguminosae) vs. 7914 Flemingia Roxburgh ex Rottler (1803) (Acanthaceae) and Lourea ('Luorea') Necker ex Jaume St.-Hilaire (Dec. 1812) (Leguminosae). Taxon 19(2): 294–297.
Sa Ren, Gilbert M G. 2010. Flemingia. In: Zhang, L.B. (Ed.) Flora of China, Science Press Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, 10: 232–237.
Sanjappa M. 1992. Legumes of India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun. p. 175–179.
Satyanarayana P. 1993. A taxonomic revision of the tribe Cajaninae (Fabaceae) in India. Thesis submitted to the Calcutta University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D. in Botany).
Saxena HO, Brahman M. 1994. The Flora of Orissa. Vol. 1. Orissa Forest Development Corporation Ltd, Bhubaneswar. p. 524–533.
Singh HB, Arora RK. 1978. Wild edible plants of India. ICAR, New Delhi, India, 8.
Schrire B. 1997: In Turland N, Jarvis, CE. (editors). Typification of Linnaean specific and varietal names in the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). Taxon 46: 471.
Stafleu FA, Cowan R.S. 1976–1988. Taxonomic literature: a selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Vols. 1–7. Bohn, Scheltema and Holkema.
Talbot WA. 1909. Forest flora of Bombay Presidency and Sindhudurg. Vol. 1. Poona. p. 417–421.
The Plant List 2013. Version 1.1. Published on the Internet: http://www.theplantlist.org/ (accessed 28.12.2018).
Turland NJ, Wiersema JH, Barrie FR, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS, Knapp S, Kusber WH, Li D, Marhold K, et al. 2017. International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). [cited 2018 Sept 21]. https://www.iapt-taxon. org/nomen/main.php
Turner IM. 2014. John Fleming, William Roxburgh and the Catalogue of Indian Medicinal Plants and Drugs. Kew Bulletin 69-1: 1-13.
Van der Maesen LJG. 1986. Cajanus DC. and Atylosia W. & A. (Leguminosae). A revision of all taxa closely related to the pigeonpea, with notes on other related genera within the subtribe Cajaninae. Agricultural University Wageningen Papers. 85(4): 1–225.
Van der Maesen LJG. 2012. The correct name for Flemingia involucrata Wall. ex Benth. (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). Webbia 67(1): 33–36.
Voss EG. 1973. General Committee Report, 1972. 22(2/3): 313.
Wallich N. 1831. Numerical list of dried specimens of plants in the Museum of the Honl. East India Company. Calcutta. p.197–198.
Wight R. 1843. Icones Plantarum Indiae Orientalis. Vol. 2(1). P.R. Hunt. American Mission Press. p. 1, 2 and 7.
Wight R. 1846. Icones Plantarum Indiae Orientalis. Vol 3. P. R. Hunt. American Mission Press. p. 9.
Wight R, Walker–Arnott GA. 1834. Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis. Vol.1. Parbury, Allen and Co. London. p. 241–243.