Indirect shoot organogenesis and in vitro root formation of Antirrhinum majus L. by using of sodium nitroprusside

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on in vitro shoot organogenesis from hypocotyl explant derived from in vitro grown seedling as well as root formation of Antirrhinum majus L. (Snapdragon). In the first experiment, different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0, 2.26, 4.52, and 6.79 μM) were used for callus formation. The highest callus fresh weight (1.86 g) as well as callogenesis frequency (93.34%) were observed in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 4.52 μM 2,4-D. In the later experiments, various concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μM) of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were applied for shoot regeneration from callus that derived from hypocotyl segments. Based on our results, MS medium supplemented with 4.44 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) plus 0.49 μM 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA) along with 30 μM SNP had the highest shoot organogenesis frequency (93.34%) and shoot number (6.33) from callus. In root induction experiment, different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 μM) of SNP were applied and MS medium containing 60 μM SNP was the best treatment for root induction. The survival rate of plantlets was more than 95% in acclimatization stage. The present study describes an efficient regeneration system for Snapdragon.