Essays and Viewpoint
Evolutionary trends in the use of artificial intelligence in support of architectural design
Gian Luca Brunetti
Published 2023-05-30
Keywords
- Artificial intelligence,
- Environmental simulation,
- Decision science,
- Systemic approach,
- Design thinking
How to Cite
Brunetti, G. L. (2023). Evolutionary trends in the use of artificial intelligence in support of architectural design. TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, (25), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.36253/techne-13739
Copyright (c) 2023 Gian Luca Brunetti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
The paper analyses the evolutionary tendencies in the use of artificial intelligence in building design, highlighting: a) the ground lost by knowledge-based expert systems and the diffusion of systems combined with heuristic and stochastic approaches; b) the spread of evolutionary algorithms in the field of optimisation; c) a climax of the influence of probabilistic approaches around 2010; d) the progressive dominance of deep learning since 2012. It is likely that the next step requires hybridisation of deep learning and symbolic artificial intelligence, and it is expected that the contribution of design domain experts in terms of knowledge formalisation will be a fundamental driver of it.
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References
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Chaillou S. (2020). "ArchiGAN: Artificial Intelligence x Architecture". Architectural Intelligence”. 1st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication.
Chollet F. (2019). "On the measure of intelligence". arXiv preprint. arXiv:1911.01547.
Cortes, C., Vapnik, V. (1995). "Support-vector networks" (PDF). Machine Learning. 20 (3): 273–297.
Kahneman D. (2013). Thinking, Fast and Slow. London, Penguin Books.
Fan, L., Wonka, P. (2016). "A Probabilistic Model for Exteriors of Residential Buildings". ACM Transactions on Graphics, Vol. 35, No. 5, Article 155.
Gan V.J.L. (2022). "BIM-based graph data model for automatic generative design of modular buildings". Automation in Construction, 134, 104062.
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Goel, V., Pirolli, P. (1992). “The structure of design problem spaces”. Cognitive Science, 16, 395-429.
Goldberg, D.E. (2002). The Design of Innovation Lessons from and for Competent Genetic Algorithms. Berlin, Springer.
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Hochreiter, S., Schmidhuber, J. (1997). "Long Short-Term Memory". Neural Computation. 9 (8): 1735–1780.
Holland, J.H. (1992). Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, 1975, Cambridge, Massachusetts, The MIT Press.
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Liu, J., Cao, Y., Xue, Y., Li, D., Feng, L.,Chen Y.F. (2021). "Automatic unit layout of masonry structure using memetic algorithm and building information modeling". Automation in Construction, 130, 103858.
Liu, J., Wu, Z.K. (2015). “Rule-Based Generation of Ancient Chinese Architecture from the Song Dynasty”. ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage, Vol. 9, No. 2, Article 7.
Luo, Z., Huang, W. (2022). "FloorplanGAN: Vector residential floorplan adversarial generation". Automation in Construction, 142, 104470.
Minsky, M. (1986). The Society of Mind, New York, Simon & Schuster.
Minton, S. (1990). “Quantitative results concerning the utility of explanation-based learning”. Artificial Intelligence. 42(2–3):363-391.
Mittal, S., Bengio, Y., Lajoie G. (2022). "Is a Modular Architecture Enough?". arXiv:2206.02713
Moon, J.W., Jung, S.K., Kim, Y., Han, S.H. (2011). "Comparative study of artificial intelligence-based building thermal control methods e Application of fuzzy, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, and artificial neural network". Applied Thermal Engineering, 31, 2422-2429
Newell A., Simon, H.A. (1972). Human Problem Solving. Prentice-Hall, New York.
Newell, A. (1982). “The Knowledge Level”. Artificial Intelligence, 18(1):87-127.
Pearl, J. (1988). Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. San Francisco, California, Morgan Kaufmann.
Rosenbloom, P.S., Laird, J., Newell, A. (1993). The SOAR Papers: Research on Integrated Intelligence, vol. 1 and 2. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachisetts.
Rosenman, M.A., Gero, J.S., Hutchinson, P.J., Oxman, R. (1986). "Expert systems applications in computer-aided design". Computer-Aided Design, 18: 546-551.
Rosenbloom, P., Demski A., Ustun V. (2016). "Rethinking Sigma’s Graphical Architecture: An Extension to Neural Networks". International Conference on Artificial General Intelligence.
Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. E., and Williams, R. J. (1987). “Learning internal representations by error propagation”. In Rumelhart, D. E. and McClelland, J. L., eds, Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition. Vol 1: MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 318-362.
Schwarz, A., Berry, D.M., Shaviv, E. (1994). "Representing and solving the automated building design problem". Computer-Aided Design. 26(9):689-698.
Shepard, D. S. 1968. “A Two-Dimensional Interpolation Function for Irregularly-Spaced Data.” ACM ‘68 - Proceedings of the 1968 23rd ACM national conference, 517–524.
Singh, M.M., Deb, C., Geyer, P. (2022). "Early-stage design support combining machine learning and building information modelling". Automation in Construction, 136, 104147.
Sokol, J., Cerezo Davila C., Reinhart C.F. (2017). "Validation of a Bayesian-based method for defining residentialarchetypes in urban building energy models". Energy and Buildings, 134:11–24.
Stanley, K.O., Miikkulainen R. (2002). "Evolving Neural Networks through Augmenting Topologies". Technical Report, The University of Texas at Austin.
Sterl, S., Mahdavi, A. (2022). "Automated generation of a hierarchical building systems control structure". Journal of Building Engineering, 55, 104646.
Sun, C., Zhou, Y., Han, Y. (2022). "Automatic generation of architecture facade for historical urban renovation using generative adversarial network". Building and Environment, 212, 108781.
Upasani, N., Shekhawat, K., Sachdeva, G. (2020). "Automated generation of dimensioned rectangular floorplans". Automation in Construction, 113, 103149.
Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A.N., Kaiser, L., Polosukhin, I. (2017). "Attention Is All You Need". arXiv:1706.03762.
Wang, X.Y., Zhang K. (2020). "Generating layout designs from high-level specifications". Automation in Construction, 119, 103288.
Wu, D.,Wang, G.G. (2020). “Knowledge-Assisted Optimization for Large-Scale Design Problems. A Review and Proposition”. Journal of Mechanical Design, 142.
Xue, X., Zhang, J. (2022). "Regulatory information transformation ruleset expansion to support automated building code compliance checking". Automation in Construction, 138, 104230.
Zhang, G., Pan, Y., Zhang, L. (2022). "Deep learning for detecting building façade elements from images considering prior knowledge". Automation in Construction, 133, 104016.
Zhang, G., Pan, Y., Zhang, L. (2022). "Deep learning for detecting building façade elements from images considering prior knowledge". Automation in Construction, 133, 104016
Zhang, R., El-Gohary, N. (2021). "A deep neural network-based method for deep information extraction using transfer learning strategies to support automated compliance checking". Automation in Construction, 132, 103834.
Zheng, H., Yuan, P.F. (2021). "A generative architectural and urban design method through artificial neural networks". Building and Environment, 205, 108178.
Chaudhuri, S., Kalogerakis, E., Guibas, L., Koltun, V. (2011). “Probabilistic Reasoning for Assembly-Based 3D Modeling”. ACM Transactions on Graphics, Vol. 30, No. 4, Article 35.
Akram, M. Rahman, I.A, Memon, I. (2014). "A Review on Expert System and its Applications in Civil Engineering". International Journal of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, 1(1):24-29.
Allen Newell, Herbert Simon (1972). Human Problem Solving. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall.
As, I., Pal, S., Basu, P. (2018). "Artificial intelligence in architecture: Generating conceptual design via deep learning". International Journal of Architectural Computing,16(4):306–327.
Bengio Y. (2019). "The Consciousness Prior". arXiv:1709.08568
Boonstra, S., van der Blom, K., Hofmeyer, H., Emmerich, M.T.M. (2020). "Conceptual structural system layouts via design response grammars and evolutionary algorithms". Automation in Construction, 116, 103009.
Boonstra, S., van der Blom, K., Hofmeyer, H., Emmerich, M.T.M. (2021). "Hybridization of an evolutionary algorithm and simulations of co-evolutionary design processes for early-stage building spatial design optimization". Automation in Construction, 124, 103522.
Chaillou S. (2020). "ArchiGAN: Artificial Intelligence x Architecture". Architectural Intelligence”. 1st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication.
Chollet F. (2019). "On the measure of intelligence". arXiv preprint. arXiv:1911.01547.
Cortes, C., Vapnik, V. (1995). "Support-vector networks" (PDF). Machine Learning. 20 (3): 273–297.
Kahneman D. (2013). Thinking, Fast and Slow. London, Penguin Books.
Fan, L., Wonka, P. (2016). "A Probabilistic Model for Exteriors of Residential Buildings". ACM Transactions on Graphics, Vol. 35, No. 5, Article 155.
Gan V.J.L. (2022). "BIM-based graph data model for automatic generative design of modular buildings". Automation in Construction, 134, 104062.
Gan, V.J.L., Wong, H.K., Tse, K.T., Cheng, J.C.P., Lo, I.M.C., Chan, C.M. (2019). "Simulation-based evolutionary optimization for energy-efficient layout plan design of high-rise residential buildings". Journal of Cleaner Production, 231, 1375-1388.
Gian Luca Brunetti (2020). “Increasing the efficiency of simulation-based design explorations via metamodelling”. Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 13:1, 79-99.
Goel, V., Pirolli, P. (1992). “The structure of design problem spaces”. Cognitive Science, 16, 395-429.
Goldberg, D.E. (2002). The Design of Innovation Lessons from and for Competent Genetic Algorithms. Berlin, Springer.
Gonzalez, D., Rueda-Plata, D., Acevedo, A.B., Duque, J.C., Ramos-Pollán, R., Betancourt, A., García. S. (2020). "Automatic detection of building typology using deep learning methods on street level images". Building and Environment, 177, 106805.
Goodfellow, I., Pouget-Abadie, J., Mirza, M., Xu, B., Warde-Farley, D., Ozair, S., Courville, A., Bengio, Y. (2014). "Generative Adversarial Nets". Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS 2014). 2672–2680.
Goyal, A., Didolkar, A., Ke, N.R., Blundell, C., Beaudoin, P., Heess, N., Mozer, M., Bengio, Y. (2022). "Neural Production Systems”. arXiv:2206.02713
Hochreiter, S., Schmidhuber, J. (1997). "Long Short-Term Memory". Neural Computation. 9 (8): 1735–1780.
Holland, J.H. (1992). Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, 1975, Cambridge, Massachusetts, The MIT Press.
Hu, R., Huang, Z., Tang, Y., van Kaick, O., Zhang, H., Hui Huang (2020). "Graph2Plan: Learning Floorplan Generation from Layout Graphs". ACM Transaction on Graphics, vol. 39, No. 4, Article 118.
Kim, S., Ryu, H., Kim, J. (2021). "Automated and qualitative structural evaluation of floor plans for remodeling of apartment housing". Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 8(1):376–391.
LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., Hinton, G. (2015). "Deep learning". Nature. 521, 436–444.
LeCun, Y., Boser, , B., Denker, J. S., Henderson, D. Howard, R. E., Hubbard, W., Jackel, L. D. (1989). “Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition”. Neural Computation, 1: 541-551.
Liu, J., Cao, Y., Xue, Y., Li, D., Feng, L.,Chen Y.F. (2021). "Automatic unit layout of masonry structure using memetic algorithm and building information modeling". Automation in Construction, 130, 103858.
Liu, J., Wu, Z.K. (2015). “Rule-Based Generation of Ancient Chinese Architecture from the Song Dynasty”. ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage, Vol. 9, No. 2, Article 7.
Luo, Z., Huang, W. (2022). "FloorplanGAN: Vector residential floorplan adversarial generation". Automation in Construction, 142, 104470.
Minsky, M. (1986). The Society of Mind, New York, Simon & Schuster.
Minton, S. (1990). “Quantitative results concerning the utility of explanation-based learning”. Artificial Intelligence. 42(2–3):363-391.
Mittal, S., Bengio, Y., Lajoie G. (2022). "Is a Modular Architecture Enough?". arXiv:2206.02713
Moon, J.W., Jung, S.K., Kim, Y., Han, S.H. (2011). "Comparative study of artificial intelligence-based building thermal control methods e Application of fuzzy, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, and artificial neural network". Applied Thermal Engineering, 31, 2422-2429
Newell A., Simon, H.A. (1972). Human Problem Solving. Prentice-Hall, New York.
Newell, A. (1982). “The Knowledge Level”. Artificial Intelligence, 18(1):87-127.
Pearl, J. (1988). Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. San Francisco, California, Morgan Kaufmann.
Rosenbloom, P.S., Laird, J., Newell, A. (1993). The SOAR Papers: Research on Integrated Intelligence, vol. 1 and 2. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachisetts.
Rosenman, M.A., Gero, J.S., Hutchinson, P.J., Oxman, R. (1986). "Expert systems applications in computer-aided design". Computer-Aided Design, 18: 546-551.
Rosenbloom, P., Demski A., Ustun V. (2016). "Rethinking Sigma’s Graphical Architecture: An Extension to Neural Networks". International Conference on Artificial General Intelligence.
Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. E., and Williams, R. J. (1987). “Learning internal representations by error propagation”. In Rumelhart, D. E. and McClelland, J. L., eds, Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition. Vol 1: MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 318-362.
Schwarz, A., Berry, D.M., Shaviv, E. (1994). "Representing and solving the automated building design problem". Computer-Aided Design. 26(9):689-698.
Shepard, D. S. 1968. “A Two-Dimensional Interpolation Function for Irregularly-Spaced Data.” ACM ‘68 - Proceedings of the 1968 23rd ACM national conference, 517–524.
Singh, M.M., Deb, C., Geyer, P. (2022). "Early-stage design support combining machine learning and building information modelling". Automation in Construction, 136, 104147.
Sokol, J., Cerezo Davila C., Reinhart C.F. (2017). "Validation of a Bayesian-based method for defining residentialarchetypes in urban building energy models". Energy and Buildings, 134:11–24.
Stanley, K.O., Miikkulainen R. (2002). "Evolving Neural Networks through Augmenting Topologies". Technical Report, The University of Texas at Austin.
Sterl, S., Mahdavi, A. (2022). "Automated generation of a hierarchical building systems control structure". Journal of Building Engineering, 55, 104646.
Sun, C., Zhou, Y., Han, Y. (2022). "Automatic generation of architecture facade for historical urban renovation using generative adversarial network". Building and Environment, 212, 108781.
Upasani, N., Shekhawat, K., Sachdeva, G. (2020). "Automated generation of dimensioned rectangular floorplans". Automation in Construction, 113, 103149.
Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A.N., Kaiser, L., Polosukhin, I. (2017). "Attention Is All You Need". arXiv:1706.03762.
Wang, X.Y., Zhang K. (2020). "Generating layout designs from high-level specifications". Automation in Construction, 119, 103288.
Wu, D.,Wang, G.G. (2020). “Knowledge-Assisted Optimization for Large-Scale Design Problems. A Review and Proposition”. Journal of Mechanical Design, 142.
Xue, X., Zhang, J. (2022). "Regulatory information transformation ruleset expansion to support automated building code compliance checking". Automation in Construction, 138, 104230.
Zhang, G., Pan, Y., Zhang, L. (2022). "Deep learning for detecting building façade elements from images considering prior knowledge". Automation in Construction, 133, 104016.
Zhang, G., Pan, Y., Zhang, L. (2022). "Deep learning for detecting building façade elements from images considering prior knowledge". Automation in Construction, 133, 104016
Zhang, R., El-Gohary, N. (2021). "A deep neural network-based method for deep information extraction using transfer learning strategies to support automated compliance checking". Automation in Construction, 132, 103834.
Zheng, H., Yuan, P.F. (2021). "A generative architectural and urban design method through artificial neural networks". Building and Environment, 205, 108178.