Original Research Article
The The new CAP and the challenge of sustainability: a synthetic indicator for the Italian wine sector
Published 2023-03-02
Keywords
- CAP Reform,
- FADN,
- sustainability,
- wine sector
How to Cite
Sardone, R., De Leo, S., Longhitano, D., & Henke, R. (2023). The The new CAP and the challenge of sustainability: a synthetic indicator for the Italian wine sector. Wine Economics and Policy, 12(1), 63–80. https://doi.org/10.36253/wep-13468
Copyright (c) 2023 Roberta Sardone, Simonetta De Leo, Davide Longhitano, Roberto Henke
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
Among the keys enabling the actors of the food chain to become more sustainable, the Strategy assigns an important role to knowledge and information. For this reason, the Farm to Fork Strategy aims to make the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) the main data source of sustainable indicators, turning it into a Farm Sustainability Data Network (FSDN). Wine not only represents one of the most important products of the Italian agri-food system (value of turnover and exports), but it is also characterised by a widespread use of traditional certification systems (PDO/PGI, Organic), to which in recent years specific certifications of sustainability have been added, evaluated through its threefold dimension: economic, environmental, and social. Indeed, wine is much ahead of other sectors in the process of sustainability certification both for the process and the product itself. The paper is an effort to test the current set of information included in the FADN and some related computable indicators as a feasible tool for the assessment of sustainability in the wine sector. The goal of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we assess the actual level of sustainability of the wine sector in Italy through an indicator that synthetizes the three dimensions (economic, environmental, and social) of sustainability at the regional level. Secondly, more in general, we test the current capacity of the FADN information to provide a reliable measure of sustainability given the intention of the EU legislator to switch the European data network from FADN to FSDN.
References
[1] Santos V., Dias A., Ramos P., Madeira A., Sousa B., 2022. The influence of wine storytelling on the global wine tourism experience, Wine Economics and Policy, 11(1), 3:13.
[2] OIV, 2016. Resolution CST 518/2016-OIV General Principles of Sustainable Vitiviniculture - Environmental - Social - Economic and Cultural Aspects. Bento Gonçalves, Brazil.
[3] Corbo C., Lamastra L., Capri E., 2014. From environmental to sustainable programs: A review of sustainability initiatives in the Italian wine sector. Sustainability, 6: 2133-2159.
[4] Flores S.S., 2018. What is sustainability in the wine world? A cross-country analysis of wine sustainability frameworks. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172: 2301-2312.
[5] European Commission, 2019. The European green deal, COM(2019) 640 final, Brussels, 11.12.2019.
[6] European Union, 2020. Farm to Fork Strategy. For a fair, healthy and environmentally-friendly food system, Brussels.
[7] European Commission, 2020. How the future CAP will contribute to the EU Green Deal, Brussels.
[8] FAO, 1997. Guidelines for the Integration of Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development into Agricultural Policies (Agricultural Policy and Economic Development series 4).
[9] United Nations, 1987. Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, New York (NY, USA).
[10] OIV, 2016. Resolution CST 518/2016-OIV General Principles of Sustainable Vitiviniculture - Environmental - Social - Economic and Cultural Aspects. Bento Gonçalves, Brazil.
[11] OIV, 2007. Resolution CST 1/2007-Traceability Guidelines in the Vitivinicultural Sector. Paris, France.
[12] OIV, 2015. Resolution CST 503AB/2015-greenhouse Gases Accounting in the Vine and Wine Sector e Recognised Gases and Inventory of Emissions and Sequestrations. Mainz, Germany.
[13] Maicas S., Mateo J.J., 2020. Sustainability of wine production. Sustainability, 12, 559.
[14] Corrado S., Sala S., 2018. Bio-economy contribution to circular economy, in Benetto E., Gericke K., Guiton M. (eds.), Designing sustainable technologies, products and policies. From science to innovation, Springer pp. 49-59, ISBN 978-3-319-66981-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66981-6.
[15] Obi C., Vergamini D., Bartolini F., Brunori G., 2020. The impact of change in regulatory and market environment on sustainability of wine producers: a structural equation model, Wine Economics and Policy 9(1): 51-61.
[16] Szolnoki G., 2013. A cross-national comparison of sustainability in the wine industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 53: 243-251.
[17] Merli R., Preziosi M., Acampora A.,2017. Sustainability experiences in the wine sector: toward the development of an international indicators system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172: 3791-3805.
[18] Capitello R., Sirieix L., 2019. Consumers’ perception of sustainable wine: An exploratory study in France and Italy. Economies, 7(2), 33.
[19] Broccardo L., Zicari A., 2020. Sustainability as a driver for value creation: a business model analysis of small and medium enterprises in the Italian wine sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 259, 120852.
[20] Galati A., Crescimanno M., Rossi M., Farrugia D., Tinervia S., 2014. The determinants affecting the internationalisation of the Italian SMEs producing sparkling wines: an empirical study on the RBV of the firms. International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business, 6(2): 100-118.
[21] Galati A., Tinervia S., Crescimanno M., Spezia F., 2017. Changes in the international wine market competitiveness. International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business, 9(4): 277-293.
[22] Pomarici E., Corsi, A., Mazzarino, S., Sardone R., 2021. The Italian Wine Sector: Evolution, Structure, Competitiveness and Future Challenges of an Enduring Leader. Italian Economic Journal, 7: 259-295, Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-021-00144-5.
[23] Martins A.A., Araújo A.R., Graça A., Caetano N.S., Mata T.M., 2018. Towards sustainable wine: Comparison of two Portuguese wines. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183: 662-76.
[24] Moscovici D., Reed A., 2018. Comparing wine sustainability certifications around the world: History, status and opportunity. Journal of Wine Research 29: 1-25.
[25] Ginon E., Ares G., dos Santos Laboissière L.H.E., Brouard J., Issanchou S., Deliza R., 2014. Logos indicating environmental sustainability in wine production: An exploratory study on how do Burgundy wine consumers perceive them. Food Research International 62: 837-845.
[26] Pomarici E., Vecchio R., 2014. Millennial generation attitudes to sustainable wine: An exploratory study on Italian consumers. Journal of Cleaner Production 66: 537-545.
[27] Remaud H., Sirieix L., 2010. Consumer perceptions of eco-friendly vs. conventional wines in Australia. Paper presented at the 5th International Academy of Wine Business Research Conference, Auckland, New Zealand, February 8-10.
[28] Schäufele I., Hamm U., 2018. Organic wine purchase behaviour in Germany: Exploring the attitude-behaviour-gap with data from a household panel. Food Quality and Preference, 63: 1-11.
[29] De Salvo M., Capitello R., Begalli D., 2018. How CS can be used for gaining info about consumers and the market? In C. Santini and A. Cavicchi (eds.), Case Studies in the Wine Industry. Sawston: Woodhead Publishing, ISBN 9780081009444.
[30] Sogari G., Mora C., Menozzi D., 2016. Factors driving sustainable choice: The case of wine. British Food Journal, 118: 632-646.
[31] Cisilino F., Madau F. A., Furesi R., Pulina P., Arru B., 2021. Organic and conventional grape growing in Italy: a technical efficiency comparison using a parametric approach, Wine Economics and Policy, 10(2): 15-28.
[32] Mariani A.C., Vastola A., 2015. Sustainable winegrowing: Current perspectives. International Journal of Wine Research, 7: 37-48.
[33] Sogari G., Corbo C., Macconi M., Menozzi D., Mora C., 2015. Consumer attitude towards sustainable-labelled wine: An exploratory approach. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 27: 312-28.
[34] Chaminade C., Randelli F., 2020. The role of territorially embedded innovation ecosystems accelerating sustainability transformations: a case study in the transformation to organic wine production in Tuscany (Italy). Sustainability, 12, 4621.
[35] Merli R., Preziosi M., Acampora A., 2017. Sustainability experiences in the wine sector: toward the development of an international indicators system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172: 3791-3805.
[36] Pomarici E., Sardone R., 2020. EU wine policy in the framework of the CAP: post-2020 challenges. Agricultural and Food Economics, 8, 17 (2020), Springer, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-020-00159-z.
[37] Malorgio G., Pomarici, E., Sardone R., Scardera A., Tosco D., 2011. La catena del valore nella filiera vitivinicola. Agriregionieuropa, 7 (27): 14-19.
[38] Scardera A., Tosco D. (2014). Redditività e costi di produzione della viticoltura attraverso il campione RICA. In Pomarici E., Tosco D. (eds), Redditività e costi della viticoltura: dal campione RICA un quadro in chiaroscuro. Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli.
[39] Longhitano, D., Bodini, A., Povellato, A., Scardera, A., 2012. Assessing farm sustainability. An application with the Italian FADN sample. Paper presented at the 1st AIEAA Conference ‘Towards a Sustainable Bio-economy: Economic Issues and Policy Challenges, Trento, Italy, June 4-5, 2012.
[40] Mortimer, S.R., Park, J.R., Mauchline, A.L., Haysom, K.A., Westbury, D.B., Purvis, G., Louwagie, G., Northey, G., Finn, J.A., Knickel, K., Kasperczyk, N., Primdahl, J., Vejre, H., Vesterager, J., Kristensen, L., Teilman, K., Podmaniczky, L., Balázs, K., Vlahos, G., Christopoulos, S., Kröger, L., Aakkula, J., Yli-Viikari, A., Peltola, J. 2009. The Agri-environmental Footprint Index: User’s Manual. (Available from URL: http://www.footprint.reading.ac.uk/en/publications_en.html).
[41] CREA, 2021. Annuario dell’agricoltura italiana 2020, Volume LXIV, Centro di Politiche e bioeconomia, Roma.
[42] Cabello J.M., Navarro E., Prieto F., Rodriguez B., RuizF., 2014. Multicriteria development of synthetic indicators of the environmental profile of the Spanish regions, Ecological Indicators, 39: 10-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.11.013.
[43] Picone C., Henke R., Ruberto M., Calligaris E., Zucaro R., 2021. A Synthetic Indicator for Sustainability Standards of Water Resources in Agriculture, Sustainability, 13(15), 8221. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158221
[2] OIV, 2016. Resolution CST 518/2016-OIV General Principles of Sustainable Vitiviniculture - Environmental - Social - Economic and Cultural Aspects. Bento Gonçalves, Brazil.
[3] Corbo C., Lamastra L., Capri E., 2014. From environmental to sustainable programs: A review of sustainability initiatives in the Italian wine sector. Sustainability, 6: 2133-2159.
[4] Flores S.S., 2018. What is sustainability in the wine world? A cross-country analysis of wine sustainability frameworks. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172: 2301-2312.
[5] European Commission, 2019. The European green deal, COM(2019) 640 final, Brussels, 11.12.2019.
[6] European Union, 2020. Farm to Fork Strategy. For a fair, healthy and environmentally-friendly food system, Brussels.
[7] European Commission, 2020. How the future CAP will contribute to the EU Green Deal, Brussels.
[8] FAO, 1997. Guidelines for the Integration of Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development into Agricultural Policies (Agricultural Policy and Economic Development series 4).
[9] United Nations, 1987. Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, New York (NY, USA).
[10] OIV, 2016. Resolution CST 518/2016-OIV General Principles of Sustainable Vitiviniculture - Environmental - Social - Economic and Cultural Aspects. Bento Gonçalves, Brazil.
[11] OIV, 2007. Resolution CST 1/2007-Traceability Guidelines in the Vitivinicultural Sector. Paris, France.
[12] OIV, 2015. Resolution CST 503AB/2015-greenhouse Gases Accounting in the Vine and Wine Sector e Recognised Gases and Inventory of Emissions and Sequestrations. Mainz, Germany.
[13] Maicas S., Mateo J.J., 2020. Sustainability of wine production. Sustainability, 12, 559.
[14] Corrado S., Sala S., 2018. Bio-economy contribution to circular economy, in Benetto E., Gericke K., Guiton M. (eds.), Designing sustainable technologies, products and policies. From science to innovation, Springer pp. 49-59, ISBN 978-3-319-66981-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66981-6.
[15] Obi C., Vergamini D., Bartolini F., Brunori G., 2020. The impact of change in regulatory and market environment on sustainability of wine producers: a structural equation model, Wine Economics and Policy 9(1): 51-61.
[16] Szolnoki G., 2013. A cross-national comparison of sustainability in the wine industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 53: 243-251.
[17] Merli R., Preziosi M., Acampora A.,2017. Sustainability experiences in the wine sector: toward the development of an international indicators system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172: 3791-3805.
[18] Capitello R., Sirieix L., 2019. Consumers’ perception of sustainable wine: An exploratory study in France and Italy. Economies, 7(2), 33.
[19] Broccardo L., Zicari A., 2020. Sustainability as a driver for value creation: a business model analysis of small and medium enterprises in the Italian wine sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 259, 120852.
[20] Galati A., Crescimanno M., Rossi M., Farrugia D., Tinervia S., 2014. The determinants affecting the internationalisation of the Italian SMEs producing sparkling wines: an empirical study on the RBV of the firms. International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business, 6(2): 100-118.
[21] Galati A., Tinervia S., Crescimanno M., Spezia F., 2017. Changes in the international wine market competitiveness. International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business, 9(4): 277-293.
[22] Pomarici E., Corsi, A., Mazzarino, S., Sardone R., 2021. The Italian Wine Sector: Evolution, Structure, Competitiveness and Future Challenges of an Enduring Leader. Italian Economic Journal, 7: 259-295, Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-021-00144-5.
[23] Martins A.A., Araújo A.R., Graça A., Caetano N.S., Mata T.M., 2018. Towards sustainable wine: Comparison of two Portuguese wines. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183: 662-76.
[24] Moscovici D., Reed A., 2018. Comparing wine sustainability certifications around the world: History, status and opportunity. Journal of Wine Research 29: 1-25.
[25] Ginon E., Ares G., dos Santos Laboissière L.H.E., Brouard J., Issanchou S., Deliza R., 2014. Logos indicating environmental sustainability in wine production: An exploratory study on how do Burgundy wine consumers perceive them. Food Research International 62: 837-845.
[26] Pomarici E., Vecchio R., 2014. Millennial generation attitudes to sustainable wine: An exploratory study on Italian consumers. Journal of Cleaner Production 66: 537-545.
[27] Remaud H., Sirieix L., 2010. Consumer perceptions of eco-friendly vs. conventional wines in Australia. Paper presented at the 5th International Academy of Wine Business Research Conference, Auckland, New Zealand, February 8-10.
[28] Schäufele I., Hamm U., 2018. Organic wine purchase behaviour in Germany: Exploring the attitude-behaviour-gap with data from a household panel. Food Quality and Preference, 63: 1-11.
[29] De Salvo M., Capitello R., Begalli D., 2018. How CS can be used for gaining info about consumers and the market? In C. Santini and A. Cavicchi (eds.), Case Studies in the Wine Industry. Sawston: Woodhead Publishing, ISBN 9780081009444.
[30] Sogari G., Mora C., Menozzi D., 2016. Factors driving sustainable choice: The case of wine. British Food Journal, 118: 632-646.
[31] Cisilino F., Madau F. A., Furesi R., Pulina P., Arru B., 2021. Organic and conventional grape growing in Italy: a technical efficiency comparison using a parametric approach, Wine Economics and Policy, 10(2): 15-28.
[32] Mariani A.C., Vastola A., 2015. Sustainable winegrowing: Current perspectives. International Journal of Wine Research, 7: 37-48.
[33] Sogari G., Corbo C., Macconi M., Menozzi D., Mora C., 2015. Consumer attitude towards sustainable-labelled wine: An exploratory approach. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 27: 312-28.
[34] Chaminade C., Randelli F., 2020. The role of territorially embedded innovation ecosystems accelerating sustainability transformations: a case study in the transformation to organic wine production in Tuscany (Italy). Sustainability, 12, 4621.
[35] Merli R., Preziosi M., Acampora A., 2017. Sustainability experiences in the wine sector: toward the development of an international indicators system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172: 3791-3805.
[36] Pomarici E., Sardone R., 2020. EU wine policy in the framework of the CAP: post-2020 challenges. Agricultural and Food Economics, 8, 17 (2020), Springer, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-020-00159-z.
[37] Malorgio G., Pomarici, E., Sardone R., Scardera A., Tosco D., 2011. La catena del valore nella filiera vitivinicola. Agriregionieuropa, 7 (27): 14-19.
[38] Scardera A., Tosco D. (2014). Redditività e costi di produzione della viticoltura attraverso il campione RICA. In Pomarici E., Tosco D. (eds), Redditività e costi della viticoltura: dal campione RICA un quadro in chiaroscuro. Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli.
[39] Longhitano, D., Bodini, A., Povellato, A., Scardera, A., 2012. Assessing farm sustainability. An application with the Italian FADN sample. Paper presented at the 1st AIEAA Conference ‘Towards a Sustainable Bio-economy: Economic Issues and Policy Challenges, Trento, Italy, June 4-5, 2012.
[40] Mortimer, S.R., Park, J.R., Mauchline, A.L., Haysom, K.A., Westbury, D.B., Purvis, G., Louwagie, G., Northey, G., Finn, J.A., Knickel, K., Kasperczyk, N., Primdahl, J., Vejre, H., Vesterager, J., Kristensen, L., Teilman, K., Podmaniczky, L., Balázs, K., Vlahos, G., Christopoulos, S., Kröger, L., Aakkula, J., Yli-Viikari, A., Peltola, J. 2009. The Agri-environmental Footprint Index: User’s Manual. (Available from URL: http://www.footprint.reading.ac.uk/en/publications_en.html).
[41] CREA, 2021. Annuario dell’agricoltura italiana 2020, Volume LXIV, Centro di Politiche e bioeconomia, Roma.
[42] Cabello J.M., Navarro E., Prieto F., Rodriguez B., RuizF., 2014. Multicriteria development of synthetic indicators of the environmental profile of the Spanish regions, Ecological Indicators, 39: 10-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.11.013.
[43] Picone C., Henke R., Ruberto M., Calligaris E., Zucaro R., 2021. A Synthetic Indicator for Sustainability Standards of Water Resources in Agriculture, Sustainability, 13(15), 8221. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158221