Published 2026-07-11
Keywords
- Lava tubes,
- Planetary landscapes,
- Ice,
- Resources extraction,
- Space settlements
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2026 Francesco Axel Pio Romio

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
Many volcanic landscapes are characterized by the presence of peculiar hidden geological formations, revealed on the surface only by subtle topographic expressions or collapses, known as “lava tubes” or “pyroducts.” These caves were used by past civilizations, such as the Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) and the Native Hawaiians, for various purposes, including the extraction of resources like water or ice, which could be preserved even in arid climates thanks to the insulating capacity of the basaltic walls of these subterranean environments. Since the Apollo missions, scientists have highlighted and later confirmed the existence of lava tubes on the Moon and Mars, where they may also offer a concrete possibility of stable ice preservation under extreme conditions. Given the high costs of transporting payloads from our planet to these other celestial bodies, and the associated risks, future missions will therefore need to make extensive use of locally available resources, following the paradigm of In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU), which underscores the relevance of studying lava tubes as the “next extractive landscapes.” Alongside this scenario of resource use, solid research hypotheses also describe them as the most suitable environments to support extraterrestrial colonization, according to configurations closer to a landscape dimension than to the, until now, dominant, conception of macro- or micro-architectural structures assembled. From this perspective, the parallel between ancient practices of exploiting subterranean landscapes, current strategies for regenerating extractive landscapes, and future projects for inhabiting and extracting resources from extraterrestrial lava tubes places the landscape project at the center of “space architecture” for its capacity to create and manage new ecologies, environments, and contexts suitable for human life.
Molti paesaggi vulcanici sono caratterizzati dalla presenza di particolari formazioni geologiche nascoste, denunciate in superficie solo da minime espressioni topografiche o collassi, conosciute come “lava tubes” o “pyroducts”. Tali grotte sono state utilizzate dalle civiltà del passato, come gli Anasazi ed i Nativi delle Hawaii, con diverse finalità tra cui l’estrazione di risorse come acqua o ghiaccio, capace di conservarsi anche in climi aridi per la capacità isolante delle pareti basaltiche di questi ambienti ipogei. A partire dalle informazioni acquisite con le missioni Apollo, gli scienziati hanno evidenziato e poi confermato l’esistenza di lava tubes sulla Luna e Marte potendo garantire anche in tali condizioni estreme, una concreta possibilità della presenza di ghiaccio stabile al loro interno. Dati i costi del carico trasportato (i.e.payload) dal nostro pianeta verso questi altri corpi celesti, e i rischi connessi, le future missioni dovranno quindi fare uso estensivo delle risorse disponibili localmente, secondo il paradigma del “In Situ Resource Utilization” (ISRU) che conferma la rilevanza dello studio dei lava tubes come i “prossimi paesaggi estrattivi”. A questo scenario di utilizzo, si aggiungono solide ipotesi di ricerca che li descrivono come gli ambienti più adatti a supportare la colonizzazione extraterrestre secondo configurazioni più vicine alla dimensione paesaggistica che a quella, fino ad oggi dominante, di macro o micro strutture architettoniche assemblate tra loro. In questa prospettiva, il parallelismo tra antiche pratiche di sfruttamento dei paesaggi ipogei, attuali strategie di rigenerazione dei paesaggi estrattivi e futuri progetti per abitare e trarre risorse dai lava tubes extraterrestri mette al centro della “space architecture” il progetto di paesaggio per la sua capacità di creare e gestire nuove ecologie, ambienti e contesti adatti alla vita umana.
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